1. Prepared By Prof Alvin So1 SOSC 188 Lecture 13 The Development Project (I): Emergence and In Action

2. Prepared By Prof Alvin So2 The Rise of the Development Project Ingredients of the Development Project International Framework of the Development Project

3. Prepared By Prof Alvin So3 Historical Context of the Development Project in the 1950s/1960s De-colonization: Defeat of European powers after WWII and an active nationalist movement Political independence, the creation of “ The Third World ”, the era of development

4. Prepared By Prof Alvin So4 Ingredients of the Development Project Unit: What’s new? From colony to Nation-state N ationalism as the mobilizing force for development Goal: Economic growth, GNP, better living standard Program: Industrialization: from agricultural exports to industrial exports, Urbanization: to t ransfer resources from rural to urban, Catching up with the West

5. Prepared By Prof Alvin So5 Agent: Strong developmental states for late comers - import-substitution: to produce manufactured products locally use tariffs to protect local “infant” industries Political strategy: a “Populist” developmentalist alliance for everybody in the nation subsidies for domestic capitalists, public services (educ, health, housing) for workers, credits for farmers

6. Prepared By Prof Alvin So6 International Framework of the Development Project Economic initiatives – need to revise the war- torn economy/world depression Marshall Plan to rebuild Western Europe, to restore trade and production. Dollar exports for the triangle trade system The Bretton Woods System set up the World Bank and IMF: raise money for development, to stabilize currency exchange First World biases : productive investments on large-scale infrastructure projects (e.g. dams, power plants, highways)

7. Prepared By Prof Alvin So7 Inter-state politics – compete for influence between the first world (US) and the second world (the Soviet Union) foreign aid for geo-political reasons (as military outposts) An emerging third world perspective: the non-alignment movement

8. Prepared By Prof Alvin So8