2. Euryarchaea S metabolizing –Thermococcus Sulfate reducer –Or heterotroph –Archaeoglobus –F420 Thermoplasma –Acidophiles (pH0.8) –Coal refuse piles –Wall-less (like??) –Methanogen ancestry Halophiles methanogens

3. Halophiles “red herring” = Halobacterium 2M NaCl, at least! Internal salt = external –Compatible solutes –K+ Shapes vary- can be odd shapes like squares Facultative aerobes As anaerobes, photochemotrophic Bacteriorhodopsin=light driven proton pump

5. Bacteriorhodopsin Retinal-vitamin A Proteorhodopsin

7. Methanogens

8. Make CH 4 from CO 2 (some CO, formate, acetate methylamines) F 420, unique enzymes and cofactors Oxygen sensitive Found in soils, animal guts, landfills, oil deposits, hydrothermal vents Syntrophy Hydrogen and early energy sources

12. Thermoplasma acidophilum

13. Methanopyrus kandleri

17. DeLong et al. (2006) Proteorhodopsin lateral gene transfer between marine planktonic Bacteria and Archaea. Nature 439:847-850

19. Crenarchaea Sulfur reduction Sulfur respiration Sulfur oxidation Thermoproteus Sulfolobus COLD Crenarchaea

30. Korarchaeota First found using DNA- based techniques Yellowstone Now also Russia, Iceland, NZ (?) What do they do?

31. Nanoarchaeum