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Chess Review October 4, 2006 Alexandria, VA Edited and presented by Advanced Tool Architectures Edward A. Lee UC Berkeley.

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Presentation on theme: "Chess Review October 4, 2006 Alexandria, VA Edited and presented by Advanced Tool Architectures Edward A. Lee UC Berkeley."— Presentation transcript:

1 Chess Review October 4, 2006 Alexandria, VA Edited and presented by Advanced Tool Architectures Edward A. Lee UC Berkeley

2 Chess Review, Oct. 4, 2006"Advanced Tool Architectures," Edward A. Lee2 Thrust III:Advanced Tool Architectures Syntax and Synthesis –Semantic Composition –Visual Concrete Syntaxes –Modal Models Interface Theories Virtual Machine Architectures Components for Embedded Systems

3 Chess Review, Oct. 4, 2006"Advanced Tool Architectures," Edward A. Lee3 Major Concepts 1: Metamodeling of Abstract Syntax Using GME (from Vanderbilt) an abstract syntax is specified as an object model (in UML) with constraints (in OCL), or alternatively, with MOF. Such a spec can be used to synthesize visual editors and models transformers. Meta-model of Ptolemy II abstract syntax, constructed in GME by H. Y. Zheng.

4 Chess Review, Oct. 4, 2006"Advanced Tool Architectures," Edward A. Lee4 Major Concepts 2: Actor Abstract Semantics A port is either an input or an output. A process is a function from input signals to output signals. That function is defined in terms of two functions. The function f gives outputs in terms of inputs and the current state. The function g updates the state. state space Signals are monoids (can be incrementally constructed) (e.g. streams, discrete-event signals).

5 Chess Review, Oct. 4, 2006"Advanced Tool Architectures," Edward A. Lee5 Major Concepts 3: Experimental Tools & Frameworks

6 Chess Review, Oct. 4, 2006"Advanced Tool Architectures," Edward A. Lee6 What We Have Learned Hybrid and embedded software systems demand a different approach to computation.

7 Chess Review, Oct. 4, 2006"Advanced Tool Architectures," Edward A. Lee7 Instead of a Program Specifying… f : {0,1}   {0,1} 

8 Chess Review, Oct. 4, 2006"Advanced Tool Architectures," Edward A. Lee8 … A Program Should Specify f : [T  {0,1}  ] P  [T  {0,1}  ] P …where T is a set representing time, precedence ordering, causality, synchronization, etc. “signal” “actor”

9 Chess Review, Oct. 4, 2006"Advanced Tool Architectures," Edward A. Lee9 The Catch… f : [T  {0,1}  ] P  [T  {0,1}  ] P This is not what (mainstream) programming languages do. This is not what (mainstream) software component technologies do. The second problem is easier to solve…

10 Chess Review, Oct. 4, 2006"Advanced Tool Architectures," Edward A. Lee10 Actor-Oriented Design The alternative: “Actor oriented:” actor name data (state) ports Input data parameters Output data What flows through an object is evolving data class name data methods call return What flows through an object is sequential control The established: Object-oriented: Things happen to objects Actors make things happen

11 Chess Review, Oct. 4, 2006"Advanced Tool Architectures," Edward A. Lee11 Examples of Actor-Oriented “Languages” CORBA event service (distributed push-pull) ROOM and UML-2 (dataflow, Rational, IBM) VHDL, Verilog (discrete events, Cadence, Synopsys,...) LabVIEW (structured dataflow, National Instruments) Modelica (continuous-time, constraint-based, Linkoping) OPNET (discrete events, Opnet Technologies) SDL (process networks) Occam (rendezvous) Simulink (Continuous-time, The MathWorks) SPW (synchronous dataflow, Cadence, CoWare) … Many of these are domain specific. Many of these have visual syntaxes. The semantics of these differ considerably, but all can be modeled as f : [T  {0,1}  ] P  [T  {0,1}  ] P with appropriate choices of the set T.

12 Chess Review, Oct. 4, 2006"Advanced Tool Architectures," Edward A. Lee12 Actor-Oriented Component Composition Cascade connections Parallel connections Feedback connections If actors are functions on signals, then the nontrivial part of this is feedback. Some of the Possible Models of Computation: Time-Triggered Discrete Events Dataflow Rendezvous Synchronous/Reactive Continuous Time … x  [T  {0,1}*]

13 Chess Review, Oct. 4, 2006"Advanced Tool Architectures," Edward A. Lee13 Major Ongoing Efforts Model Transformations and Code Generation Abstract Semantics and heterogeneous modeling Interface algebras for –real-time –causality –refinement Scalability Models for distributed real-time computing Relationships between models of computation –Unification of SR/DE/CT semantics –Trading latency for composability in time-based models

14 Chess Review, Oct. 4, 2006"Advanced Tool Architectures," Edward A. Lee14 Focus on Interface Algebras Algebraic interface theories for: Real-time –[Matic, Henzinger] Causality –[Lee, Zheng, Zhou] Refinement –[Passerone, Al Sangiovanni-Vincentelli]

15 Chess Review, Oct. 4, 2006"Advanced Tool Architectures," Edward A. Lee15 Interface Algebra for Real-Time Graphs Incremental design Independent refinement Composition operations: connect, join, combine Assumption input jitter offset input jitter resource capacity Guarantee output jitter output latency

16 Chess Review, Oct. 4, 2006"Advanced Tool Architectures," Edward A. Lee16 Interface Algebra for Causality Analysis An algebra of interfaces provides operators for cascade and parallel composition and necessary and sufficient conditions for causality loops, zero-delay loops, and deadlock.

17 Chess Review, Oct. 4, 2006"Advanced Tool Architectures," Edward A. Lee17 Example: Fixed Point is Not Constructive In a synchronous language, the program at the right has a unique non-empty behavior, but that behavior cannot be found constructively by repeatedly application of monotonic functions.

18 Chess Review, Oct. 4, 2006"Advanced Tool Architectures," Edward A. Lee18 Example: Causality Loops In a synchronous language, the programs at the right do not have unique non-empty behaviors. This defect is called a causality loop.

19 Chess Review, Oct. 4, 2006"Advanced Tool Architectures," Edward A. Lee19 Example: Deadlock In a process networks and dataflow models, programs may exhibit deadlock, where behavior is empty or finite. Deadlock in such programs is, in general, undecidable.

20 Chess Review, Oct. 4, 2006"Advanced Tool Architectures," Edward A. Lee20 Tools and Software Frameworks Software Tools –GReAT –HyVisual –Visualsense –Viptos Meta Tools –GME –Metropolis & Metropolis II –Ptolemy II –UDM Meta tools are software frameworks that function as laboratories for model-based design

21 Chess Review, Oct. 4, 2006"Advanced Tool Architectures," Edward A. Lee21 Global “spaces” for Transformations Global spaces hold intermediate results of the transformation Consequence: The transformations are simplified. DS-PI Model Source Models DS-PS Model Target Model Global space > Sorting the transformation results A transformation rule typically operates on a sequence of matched objects that could be sorted after the rule is applied. Consequence: Model transformation results are ordered by the sorting function. sort():… Additional language features: Distinguished cross-product: a new built-in operator of the language that refines pattern matching semantics Match-any associations: “wild-card” pattern matching construct for matching arbitrary associations Support for automatic connection of multi-ported objects in the modeling tool Model Transformation Tool features: User code libraries Integration with new development platform (Microsoft VS 7+) Support for XML namespaces Integration with Java Support for structured text input and output with declarative specification of the syntax Model Transformation Tools The Graph Rewrite And Transformation (GReAT) tool suite, Vanderbilt.

22 Chess Review, Oct. 4, 2006"Advanced Tool Architectures," Edward A. Lee22 Current Directions in Meta Tools Metropolis II An object is the basic entity An object interacts with the outside world using ports A port has an associated set of services A port can be of three types: –Input: Services provided by object –Output: Services used by object –View: Services that can be observed An object may have zero or more input, output and view ports –Services can overlap Obj 1 S(P 1 )={S 1,S 2,S 3 } S(P 2 )={S 3,S 4,S 5 } P1P1 P2P2 P3P3 S(P 3 )={S 1,S 4,S 6 }

23 Chess Review, Oct. 4, 2006"Advanced Tool Architectures," Edward A. Lee23 Metropolis II Infrastructure

24 Chess Review, Oct. 4, 2006"Advanced Tool Architectures," Edward A. Lee24 Ptolemy II and HyVisual Unification of synchronous/reactive, discrete-event, and continuous-time semantics led to major redesign of hybrid systems modeler HyVisual. HyVisual is a specialization of the meta framework Ptolemy II.

25 Chess Review, Oct. 4, 2006"Advanced Tool Architectures," Edward A. Lee25 glue that binds heterogeneous activities in ensemble Coordination Languages Metropolis, Ptolemy II Hierarchical Timing Language (HTL) coordination of heterogeneous activities with time as the coordination medium refinement based hierarchical coordination LET Model of Task Execution Synchronous Reactive LanguagesTime Triggered Architecture amenable to efficient analysistime-triggered paradigm for real-time constraintsdeterministic, portable, composable Timed Languages LET model for tasks a framework to ensemble design activities with emphasis on formal models, separation of concerns and abstraction-refinement Next Directions HTL: Sources and Motivation Coordination Languages lack formal semantics provide formal semantics for coordination Metropolis/ Ptolemy II general framework provide a model for time triggered coordination with efficient verification scheme Timed Languages latency reduce latency restricted to one level hierarchical refinement based structure schedulability gets harder with expressiveness efficient analysis while compact representation

26 Chess Review, Oct. 4, 2006"Advanced Tool Architectures," Edward A. Lee26 HTL: Key Points and Relation to Ecosystem Tagged Signal Model Process Network Semantics Firing Semantics Stateful Firing Semantics Kahn Process Network Hybrid Systems Continuous Time Discrete Event Synchronous/ Reactive TDL Giotto TM xGiotto HTL  A coordination language (HTL) for hard real-time applications; HTL programs are extensible in two dimensions without changing timing behavior  Time invariance under parallel composition (adding new program modules) is achieved by ensuring that different program modules communicate at specified instances of time  Time invariance under vertical extension (refinement of individual tasks) is achieved by conservative scheduling of the top level

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