1. Surface Plasmon Resonance General Introduction Steffen Jockusch 07/15/07 Plasmons: - collective oscillations of the “free electron gas” density, often at optical frequencies.

2. Surface Plasmon Resonance General Introduction Steffen Jockusch 07/15/07 Plasmons: - collective oscillations of the “free electron gas” density, often at optical frequencies. Surface Plasmons: - plasmons confined to surface (interface) and interact with light resulting in polaritons. - propagating electron density waves occurring at the interface between metal and dielectric.

3. Surface Plasmon Resonance General Introduction Steffen Jockusch 07/15/07 Plasmons: - collective oscillations of the “free electron gas” density, often at optical frequencies. Surface Plasmons: - plasmons confined to surface (interface) and interact with light resulting in polaritons. - propagating electron density waves occurring at the interface between metal and dielectric. Surface Plasmon Resonance: - light ( ) in resonance with surface plasmon oscillation

4. Requirements: - Material with free electrons: Pb, In, Hg, Sn, Cd Cu, Ag, Au plasma frequency UV VIS Metals 2

5. Requirements: - Material with free electrons: Pb, In, Hg, Sn, Cd Cu, Ag, Au plasma frequency UV VIS Metals - Surface (interface): flat surfacesnanoparticles 50 nm Au 2

6. Requirements: - Material with free electrons: Pb, In, Hg, Sn, Cd Cu, Ag, Au plasma frequency UV VIS Metals - Surface (interface): flat surfacesnanoparticles 50 nm Au 2 - Light: How to couple the photons to the surface?

7. Total reflection on a prism  prism 0 reflectance 1 angle cc  prism 3

8. Evanescent Wave  prism evanescent field evanescent wave: - nearfield standing wave, - extends about 1/2, - decays exponentially with the distance 0 reflectance 1 angle cc 4

9. Surface Plasmon Resonance  detector 50 nm Au 0 reflectance 1 angle cc oo 5 (Kretschmann)

10. Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy  detector Au analyte 0 reflectance 1 angle cc oo 11 To measure: - thickness changes, - density fluctuation, - molecular adsorption 6

11. Knoll, et.al. Biosensors & Bioelectronics, 1995, 10, 903 Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy in Sensors 7

12. (Kretschmann) Waveguide coupler Grating coupler Prism coupler Homola, Chem. Rev. 2008, 108, 462 Coupling of Light to Surface Plasmon 8

13. Nanoparticle Surface Plasmon d d << Nanoparticle 9

14. Eustis and El-Sayed, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2006, 35, 209 Nanoparticle Surface Plasmon d d << Nanoparticle Light resonance with the surface plasmon oscillation causes the free electrons in the metal to oscillate. 9

15. Surface Plasmon-assisted Spectroscopy Surface enhanced IR Surface enhanced raman Largest enhancement factor 10 14 Tsang, et.al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 1980, 45, 201. Technique 10 10 4 Second harmonic generation Sum frequency generation 10 4 Baldelli, et.al., J. Chem.Phys., 2000, 113, 5432. Chen, et.al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 1981, 46, 145. SEIRA SERS SESHG SESFG Nie and Emery, Science, 1997, 275, 1102. Surface enhanced fluorescence ~100 SEF