1. Normal galaxies: X-ray luminosity function & its evolution Panayiotis Tzanavaris (NOA) Ioannis Georgantopoulos (NOA) Antonis Georgakakis (ICL) XSurverys06 Cambridge, MA. Nov 2006

2. XLF importance Unique probe of X-ray binaries and hot gas in (non-AGN) normal galaxies Unique probe of X-ray binaries and hot gas in (non-AGN) normal galaxies Disentangle NG evolution from AGN evolution Disentangle NG evolution from AGN evolution XSurverys06 Cambridge, MA. Nov 2006

3. X-ray surveys E-CDF-S E-CDF-S CDF-N CDF-N CDF-S CDF-S XBOOTES XBOOTES XSurverys06 Cambridge, MA. Nov 2006

4. Normal galaxies: selection criteria Source detected in the 0.5-2.0 keV band Source detected in the 0.5-2.0 keV band log ( f X [0.5-2.0 keV] /f R ) ≤ -1 (from filter) log ( f X [0.5-2.0 keV] /f R ) ≤ -1 (from filter) log L X ≤ 42 (cgs) log L X ≤ 42 (cgs) HR ≡ (H-S)/(H+S) ≤ 0 HR ≡ (H-S)/(H+S) ≤ 0 object morphologically a galaxy object morphologically a galaxy H ≡ 2.0-8.0 keV; S ≡ 0.5-2.0 keV XSurverys06 Cambridge, MA. Nov 2006

5. E-CDF-S X-ray: Lehmer et al (2005) f X,lim[0.5-2.0keV] ~1.1 × 10 -16 erg cm -2 s -1 Optical: COMBO-17; Wolf et al (2004) ESO 2.2 m WFI 17 filters R lim,Vega = 25.4 R lim,Vega = 25.4 41 sources, z med = 0.264 XSurverys06 Cambridge, MA. Nov 2006

6. CDF-N X-ray: 2 Ms, Alexander et al (2003) f X,lim[0.5-2.0 keV] ~2.5 × 10 -17 erg cm -2 s -1 Optical: Barger et al. (2003); Capak et al. (2004) KPNO 4 m (U), Subaru 8.3 m (rest) R lim,AB = 26.6 R lim,AB = 26.6 79 sources, z med = 0.46 XSurverys06 Cambridge, MA. Nov 2006

7. CDF-S X-ray: 1 Ms, Giacconi et al (2002) f X,lim[0.5-2.0 keV] ~5.5 × 10 -17 erg cm -2 s -1 Optical: Szokoly et al. (2004) VLT FORS spectra Zheng et al. (2004) z phot using Zheng et al. (2004) z phot using 10 NUV, optical, NIR bands [ESO FORS, EIS, VLT, GOODS, COMBO-17] 10 NUV, optical, NIR bands [ESO FORS, EIS, VLT, GOODS, COMBO-17] 56 sources, z med = 0.52 XSurverys06 Cambridge, MA. Nov 2006

8. XBOOTES X-ray: Kenter et al (2005) f X,lim[0.5-2.0keV] ~4.7 × 10 -15 erg cm -2 s -1 Optical: SDSS DR5; Adelman-McCarthy et al (2007) 5 Sloan filters u’g’r’i’z’ 5 Sloan filters u’g’r’i’z’ r’ lim,SDSS = 22.2 r’ lim,SDSS = 22.2 28 sources, z med = 0.128 XSurverys06 Cambridge, MA. Nov 2006

9. Area curve XBOOTES dominates area XSurverys06 Cambridge, MA. Nov 2006

10. L X - z XSurverys06 Cambridge, MA. Nov 2006 204 sources to 204 sources to z ~ 1.3 subsamples subsamplescomplementary

11. Luminosity function Page & Carrera (2000) Page & Carrera (2000) φ(L, z)  φ(L, z)  XSurverys06 Cambridge, MA. Nov 2006

12. Luminosity function  0 < z < 0.2  0.2 < z < 0.6  0.6 < z < 1.3 Norman et al. (2004) z < 0.5 z < 0.5 z > 0.5 z > 0.5 Kim et al (2006) z < 0.3 z < 0.3 Georgakakis et al. (2006) z < 0.2 z < 0.2 no evolution L ~ (1+z) k k = 2.7 XSurverys06 Cambridge, MA. Nov 2006

13. Luminosity function by type Separate Early and Late-type systems Separate Early and Late-type systems Hyperz Hyperz 61 template SEDs from smoothly interpolated (Sullivan et al 2004) four galaxy types 61 template SEDs from smoothly interpolated (Sullivan et al 2004) four galaxy types Filters for different surveys Filters for different surveys E = 0 → 25 (105) E = 0 → 25 (105) L = 25 → 60 (99) L = 25 → 60 (99) Then binned XLF Then binned XLF XSurverys06 Cambridge, MA. Nov 2006

14. Luminosity function: Late types  0 < z < 0.4  0.4 < z < 1.3 Georgakakis et al. (2006) Georgakakis et al. (2006) no evolution, z < 0.2 L ~ (1+z) k k = 2.7 Power laws? Power laws? XSurverys06 Cambridge, MA. Nov 2006

15. Luminosity function: Early types  0 < z < 0.4  0.4 < z < 1.3 Georgakakis et al. (2006) Georgakakis et al. (2006) no evolution, z < 0.2 L ~ (1+z) k k = 2.7 k = 2 Power laws? Power laws? XSurverys06 Cambridge, MA. Nov 2006

16. Caveats… ML fitting to be done ML fitting to be done Functional form Functional form XSurverys06 Cambridge, MA. Nov 2006

17. Summary One of the largest NG samples with very broad coverage of L – z space One of the largest NG samples with very broad coverage of L – z space Reasonable agreement with previous work but evolution in E as well Reasonable agreement with previous work but evolution in E as well More data: CDF 4 Ms More data: CDF 4 Ms XEUS (resolution?) XEUS (resolution?) XSurverys06 Cambridge, MA. Nov 2006