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CCU’s Environmental Quality Lab: Investigation of Ocean Outfalls in Myrtle Beach and North Myrtle Beach, SC Joseph Bennett and Susan Libes.

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Presentation on theme: "CCU’s Environmental Quality Lab: Investigation of Ocean Outfalls in Myrtle Beach and North Myrtle Beach, SC Joseph Bennett and Susan Libes."— Presentation transcript:

1 CCU’s Environmental Quality Lab: Investigation of Ocean Outfalls in Myrtle Beach and North Myrtle Beach, SC Joseph Bennett and Susan Libes

2 Stormwater Pipes Pipes on Beach 2 to 3 inch diameters 100 + Outfall Pipes 60 + inch diameters 1000 + ft offshore Myrtle Beach 25 th Ave S (June 2003) 53 rd Ave. N (delayed) 14 th Ave. N. (Fall 2005) North Myrtle Beach 6 th Ave. S. (installed 2004) 33 rd Ave S. and ? One in construction

3 SC DHEC OCRM Permit Requirements Onshore Stormwater Quality Study Characterize composition of outfall emissions Treatment devices In-Situ Water Quality Study Evaluate the impact of runoff on nearshore ?Flows Dispersion Discharge

4 Potential Impacts of Concern Bacteria Swimming Eutrophication Dissolved Oxygen ?Animals Toxics Salinity

5 Potential Parameters Enteroccoci Dissolved Oxygen Nutrients Oxygen Demanding Substances (BOD 5 ) Chlorophyll Turbidity Salinity Temperature

6 Potential Sampling Strategies Following rain events Onshore Offshore Controls: What is normal for Long Bay? Dry weather(onshore and offshore) ?Geographic Pre and post construction Sites with little runoff Sites with lots of runoff

7 Stormwater Runoff Sources Tidal Creeks (swashes) Withers Swash: 35 to 40 cfs non-rain Midway Swash: 10 to 15 cfs non-rain Pipes on Beach Face Outfall Pipes

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10 Longshore Flow

11 What is normal? What is acceptable? Impacts Water Quality Animals Fisheries Natural populations Loading Beach Pipes Outfall Pipes Swashes Management Regulatory Criteria Benchmarks Thresholds Monitoring

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13 Violations of Federal Swimming Criteria for Enterococcus Along Grand Strand Beaches

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17 Salinity Temperature ( o C) % SaturationDO (ppm) Springmaid Pier 7/20/04

18 DO (ppm)% Saturation Temperature ( o C)Salinity 2 nd Ave N. Pier 7/20/2004

19 Bottom Water Quality: Longitudinal Transect Along Pier

20 0 m 3 m ? Low DO 5 m Longitudinal Model of Hypoxic Zone Pier + 100 to 200 m

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22 Time-line Surface Cooling: July 1 – July 30 Rain fall 7/9, 1.0 inches 7/18, 2.2 inches Sampling 7/20: 2 nd Ave N and Springmaid 7/22: 2 nd Ave N and Springmaid 7/23: Cherry Grove and Apache + DNR transects Flounder Jubilee July 15 – 23 July 23 – 28: tapered down

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24 Rain Fall Amounts Near Locations of Major Freshwater Input to Surf Zone

25 Time-line Surface Cooling: July 1 – July 30 Rain fall 7/9, 1.0 inches 7/18, 2.2 inches Sampling 7/20: 2 nd Ave N and Springmaid 7/22: 2 nd Ave N and Springmaid 7/23: Cherry Grove and Apache + DNR transects Flounder Jubilee July 15 – 23 July 23 – 28: tapered down

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27 pH measurements along Grand Strand, July 23, 2004

28 RainNo Rain Rain

29 Time-line Surface Cooling: July 1 – July 30 Rain fall 7/9, 1.0 inches 7/18, 2.2 inches Sampling 7/20: 2 nd Ave N and Springmaid 7/22: 2 nd Ave N and Springmaid 7/23: Cherry Grove and Apache + DNR transects Biotic Impacts Flounder Jubilee Benthic invertebrate kills at Huntington Beach and Pawleys Island

30 Causative Agents Coastal Upwelling Summer Cooling Plankton Bloom Elevated Chlorophylls Nutrients Stormwater Runoff Pipes and swashes discharge on beach Off-shore discharge pipes Raw Sewage Spill

31 RainNo RainRain

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35 N deficient growth P deficient growth Guildford and Hecky, 2000

36 Causative Agents Coastal Upwelling Summer cooling Plankton Bloom Elevated Chlorophylls Nutrients Stormwater Runoff Pipes and swashes discharge on beach Off-shore discharge pipes Raw Sewage Spill

37 Causative Agents Coastal Upwelling Summer cooling Plankton Bloom Elevated Chlorophylls Nutrients Stormwater Runoff Pipes and swashes discharge on beach Off-shore discharge pipes Raw Sewage Spill in NMB July 13: few hundred gallons July 21: 5000 gallons

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39 Is this a one-time event? Should we be worried?

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41 Future Frequency of Hypoxia Frequency of Upwelling Global Climate Change Stormwater Runoff Global Climate Change Increase in population & impervious cover

42 Potential Impacts Hard Bottom Communities Fisheries Overfishing Harmful Algal Blooms

43 < 0.5 m sediment cover Potential Hard Bottom Habitat

44 3 m Typical 4 s waves along Grand Strand constrain wind mixing to upper 3 m (Gayes, pers. comm.) Hard Bottoms start

45 Potential Impacts Hard Bottom Communities Fisheries Overfishing Harmful Algal Blooms

46 Needs Monitoring Define normal for Nearshore Waters Now using estuarine criteria How much of these events are natural Translate this into management guidelines Reduction of nonpoint loads

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48 Acknowledgments Bob Van Dolah, Mel Bell, George Reikerk, Dean Cain, SC DNR Denise Sanger, SC DHEC OCRM Alan Lewitus, South Carolina Algal Ecology Laboratory Bob Pender, Ryan Day, Burroughs and Chapin Center for Marine and Wetland Studies

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