1. Growth PBR* H 2 production PBR** Algal supply (C.reinhardtii) Sunlight Reactors Nutrients H 2 O C (Acetate, CO 2 ) N (Ammonia) S (Sulphate)* P (Phosphate) Trace Elements (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu...) O2O2 Recycled acetate (Y 1 <Y) H2H2 Liquid by-products Biomass (X) Recycled biomass (X 2 ) (X 2 ≤ X-X 1 ) ± S exchange (filtration, dilution) Organic acids (Y) (Acetic, formic, malic, succinic) Ethanol “Biowaste” (X-X 1 -X 2 ) Biomass consumed (X 1 ) CO 2 Initial investment: Materials (Perspex, stainless steel...) Pumps (Peristaltic and recirculation) Measuring instruments (T, OD, pH, pO 2 ) Construction (Labour, machining) Operational costs (non-nutrient): Agitation (Pumps) Monitoring (Probes, computer) H 2 extraction (Membrane(s))** Cleaning (H 2 O 2, hot water) Fermentation Biodiesel production Biochemical waste Inactivate (bleach) Legend : very important : outsourced

2. Probes: pH, pO 2 Hamilton® process sensors http://www.hamiltoncompany.co m/downloads/690127R04klein.pdf H 2 (with Fessehaye) Temperature: Thermocouple In-line heater Hydor® ETH heater http://www.hydor.it/prodotti/sho w/famprod/9/list/3 Omega Engineering® http://www.omega.com/pptst/AH P_SERIES.html Agitation: Peristaltic, re-circulation (diaphragm) pumps Aqua Medic®, Hydor®... KNF Neuberger® http://www.knf.co.uk/ Watson-Marlow® http://www.watson-marlow.com/ MIMS: Membrane Mass Spectrometer Mesh and seal (with Chris) Improvements: Even out agitation Simplify drain and cleaning Water displacement (with Paul) OD measurement (with Steve D) Control: National Instruments® circuit board PC with LabVIEW® (with Chin) http://www.ni.com/ Other: HPLC RI detector (with Steve B) http://www.hplc4sale.co.uk/ Filtration systems (with Prof Holdrich) http://www.aquatechnologies.de/en/

3. Light Intensity - Measurements: PBR1 – Low intensity LED arrayPBR2 – High intensity LED array Sartorius reactor – Cool white fluorescent lightsCulture reactor – Cool white fluorescent lights Distance from LED array (cm) Light Intensity (±0.5 W/m2) No reactorPBR1 408.14.1 308.55.4 2010.16.9 Distance from LED array (cm) Light Intensity (±0.5 W/m2) No reactorPBR2 4056.340.0 3070.448.8 2088.263.5 Distance from light (cm)Light Intensity (±0.5 W/m2) 1031.2 Sartorius light (%) @ 5cm separation Light Intensity (±0.5 W/m2) DownUpAverage 10090.086.688.3 9086.481.684.0 8076.572.774.6 7064.861.163.0 6053.149.851.5 5040.338.639.5 4027.526.427.0 3014.614.114.4 203.6

4. Light Intensity - Spectra: PBR1 – Low intensity LED arrayPBR2 – High intensity LED array Sartorius reactor – Cool white fluorescent lightsCulture reactor – Cool white fluorescent lights

5. CO 2 Reduction Gattrell, M., Gupta N. & Co, A. (2006) Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 594 (1-19).

6. CO 2 Reduction

7. Promote the formation of –CH 4 –C 2 H 4 Suppress the formation of –H 2 –HCOOH

8. CO 2 Reduction CO 2 → CO 2 (ads) CO 2 (ads) + e - → CO 2 - (ads) CO 2 - (ads) + H 2 O + e - → CO (ads) + 2OH - CO (ads) + H + + e - → CH 4 CO 2 - (ads) + H (ads) → HCOO -

9. Fe 2 O 3 deposition Plasma deposition: atmospheric pressure system –Requirements: Unheated substrates Aqueous Fe solutions Compressed air carrier May be able to commence this week

10. Fe 2 O 3 deposition Spray pyrolysis with air-brush: –Requirements: Substrate heating: hotplate @ >400°C Ethanolic Fe solutions Compressed air carrier Test solution delivery by air-brush this week

11. Fe 2 O 3 modelling Complete analysis and write up for ECS Adapt model: –Albery-Bartlett: full kinetic analysis –Peter: interfacial charge transfer