1. Graphical Data Displays and Interpretation 2009 October 9

3. Figure 6 “White space”

4. Figure 2

6. John Tukey (1977), Exploratory Data Analysis. Edward Tufte, The Visual Display of Quantitative Information. Statistical Program: SYSTAT

7. John Tukey (1977), Exploratory Data Analysis. Edward Tufte, The Visual Display of Quantitative Information. Statistical Program: SYSTAT

8. Tufte Principles of Graphical Excellence Graphical excellence is the well-designed presentation of interesting data -- a matter of substance, of statistics, and of design. Graphical excellence consists of complex ideas communicated with clarity, precision, and efficiency. Graphical excellence is that which gives to the viewer the greatest number of ideas in the shortest time with the least ink in the smallest space. Graphical excellence is nearly always multivariate. Graphical excellence requires telling the truth about the data.

19. Johnson & Newport (1989) Critical period effects in second-language learning: The influence of maturational state on the acquisition of English as a second language. Cognitive Psychology, 21, 60-99. r=-.87r=-.16

20. Johnson & Newport, combined across age groups.

21. Johnson & Newport, scaled properly. r=-.87r=-.49

23. Tufte Principles of Graphical Excellence Graphical excellence is the well-designed presentation of interesting data -- a matter of substance, of statistics, and of design. Graphical excellence consists of complex ideas communicated with clarity, precision, and efficiency. Graphical excellence is that which gives to the viewer the greatest number of ideas in the shortest time with the least ink in the smallest space. Graphical excellence is nearly always multivariate. Graphical excellence requires telling the truth about the data.