1. CARBON σ Jeremy Goldfarb Daniel Wheeler

2. Plant Disaster Avarice Inc., a nearby chemical plant, recently experienced an OSHA recordable when their piping lines ruptured Employees in the vicinity were scalded by the hot liquid expelled from the pipes Detective Brainchild from the chemEPD was sent to investigate Image: www.frenchentree.com

3. Related P&ID Avarice Inc. provided Det. Brainchild with this P&ID of the relevant process Excessively high temperatures in the tank outlet caused the downstream pipe fittings to fail A drop in flowrate from the coolant supply tank occurred before the disaster

4. Proposed Solution – Det. Brainchild proposes cascade control – New system will account for future fluctuations in coolant supply flowrate

5. Cascade Systems Cascade Control Systems contain integrated sets of control loops Primary Loop: Monitors the control variable and uses deviation from its setpoint to provide an output to the secondary loop. Secondary Loop: Receives its setpoint from the primary loop and controls the reference variable accordingly.

6. Benefits of Cascade Control Effectively accounts for external disturbances Reduces dead time in variable response Compatible with other Control Systems, such as Feed-Back and Feed-Forward Control Architectures

7. Disadvantages of Cascade Control Multiple control loops make physical and computational architecture more complex Additional controllers and sensors can be costly

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