1. End-User Programming Dewayne E Perry Bell Laboratories dep@research.bell-labs.com www.bell-labs.com/~dep/

2. Trends in User Programming Application generators (0.6M) Infrastructure (0.75M) System Integration(0.7M) Applications composition (0.7M) User programming Repeat of “everyone a phone operator” trend 55M Users in US in year 2005

3. Some Implications Mass of user-programmers a new challenge –IBM study: 44% of about 250 user-programmed spreadsheet applications had business-threatening errors The future: users creating agents in cyberspace –Risk of sorcerers’ apprentices for 55m users

4. Goals Integrated end-user support for system building, composing, adapting, backtracking Simple composition to integration of user programs to sophisticated frameworks No surprise software Resilience in presence of evolution

5. Required Principles Generic & domain specific frameworks Composition, adaptation and generation Scale the user solution User validation Maintain user intent Limit extent of liability

6. Fundamental Software Engineering Principles Composition of Systems –Resource creation –Rules for adaptation and composition –Mechanisms for interoperability –Confidence via speculation, rationalization, validation, simulation –Evolve compositions as context, components and requirements evolve

7. End-User Programming Principles Frameworks (Generic and Domain Specific) –Framework resource creation –Rules of Composition and Generation –Adaptation and Extension Mechanisms –Visualizations of actual & hypothesized behavior “Crash Barriers” to isolate common infrastructure from errant extensions