1. 1 Electromagnetic Radiation and Energy Electromagnetic Radiation: –Energy traveling through space Three Characteristics of Waves: 1.Wavelength: (symbolized  1.Distance between two consecutive peaks or troughs in a wave 2.Frequency: (symbolized  1.How many waves pass a given point per second 3.Speed: (symbolized c) 1.How fast a given peak moves through space

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3. 3 Electromagnetic Radiation and Energy c = λ x ν c = speed of particle speed of light = 2.9979 x 10 8 m/s ν = frequency (s -1 or Hz) λ = wavelength (m)

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5. 5 As temperature increases… –Maximum energy released in visible spectrum goes towards UV “white hot”

6. 6 Einstein’s Photon Photoelectric effect –Electron ejection after light strikes metal surface Must be the right frequency –Used in automatic door openers Einstein –Light has particle-like properties Photons No longer viewed as purely a wave

7. 7 Spectra Sunlight yields continuous spectrum Energized gaseous elements yield certain wavelengths –Line emission spectrum

8. 8 Atomic orbital The probability function that defines the distribution of electron density in space around the atomic nucleus.

9. 9 The s-orbital The simplest orbital The only orbital in the s-subshell Occurs in every principal energy level “s” stands for “sharp” The first energy level only houses this orbital Can house up to 2 electrons

10. 10 The p-orbitals Start in second principle energy level (n=2) There are three p-orbitals in the p-subshell (see below) –And one s-orbital “p” stands for “principle” Can house up to 6 electrons 2p x 2p y 2p z

11. 11 The d-orbitals Start in third principle energy level (n=3) There are five d-orbitals in the d-subshell –And one s-orbital –And three p-orbitals Can house up to 10 electrons “d” stands for “diffuse” 3d yz 3d xz 3d xy 3d x 2 -y 2 3d z 2

12. 12 The f-orbitals Start in fourth principle energy level (n=4) There are seven f-orbitals in the f-subshell –And one s-orbital –And three p-orbitals –And five d-orbitals Can house up to 14 electrons “f” stands for “fundamental”

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14. 14 Electron Configuration Explain reactivity (or lack thereof) of elements Explains order of placement in Periodic Table –Into groups or families Similar chemical physical properties

15. 15 Using the Periodic Table to advantage