1. Inconsistent Caregiving: Final Thoughts Learned helplessness = an experience in which one has learned that they have no control over the situation is generalized to other situations Examples: Seligman’s dogs Young Elephants in shackles

2. Mental State Reasoning: ‘Theory of Mind’

3. False Belief Tasks

4. A False-Belief Problem: The “Smarties” Task

5. Appearance Reality Tasks

6. Two Broad Theories Radical Shift Theory (e.g. Gopnik, 1993, Wimmer & Weichbold, 1994) –children prior to the age of four are unable to attribute belief states to themselves and others. Processing Demands Theory (e.g. Fodor, 1992; Scholl & Leslie, 2000) –young children fail these tasks because they lack the attentional, mneumonic, or linguistic resources, rather than the ability to attribute false beliefs.

7. There is more to passing the false belief task than theory of mind. There is more to theory of mind than passing the false belief task Keep in mind…