1. Leadership & Ethics Christie Struckman, Ph.D. San Jose State University February 18, 2003

2. 2 Ethics Branch of philosophy concerned with the intents, means, and consequences of moral behavior. Study of moral judgments and right and wrong conduct. Secular and religious sources.

3. 3 Moral Development Born amoral Modeling and Socialization Heteronomy and Imprinting

4. 4 Levels & Stages of Moral Dev. LevelStage PreconventionalPhysical consequences Individual needs ConventionalApproval of others Compliance PostconventionalRational analysis Individual conscience

5. 5 Values Constructs representing generalized behaviors or states of affairs that are considered by the individual to be important. “Give me liberty, or give me death.” Patrick Henry Can only make inferences about individual’s values from their behaviors.

6. 6 Common Values in Organizations Terminal Values: An exciting life Sense of accomplishment Family security Inner harmony Social recognition Friendship Instrumental Values: Being courageous Being helpful Being honest Being imaginative Being logical Being responsible

7. 7 Unethical Org’al Practices 48% 38% 44% 37% 62% 42% Harm the environment Endanger public health Sell unsafe products Knowingly sell inferior products Deliberately charge inflated prices Risk employee health and safety Harris Poll, 1989

8. 8 When Good People Do Bad Things Moral justification: reinterpreting immoral behavior in terms of a higher purpose. Euphemistic labeling: using “cosmetic” words to defuse or disguise the offensiveness of the behavior. Advantageous comparison: comparing one’s behavior to an even more heinous behavior. Displacement of responsibility: attributing responsibility to others. Diffusion of responsibility: when everyone is responsible, no one is responsible. Distortion of consequences: minimize the harm caused by behaviors. Dehumanization: disassociating behavior as occurring to humans. Attribution of blame: claiming behavior caused by someone else.

9. 9 Organizational Ethics Social definition of good Democracy at work Attitude toward profit Attitude toward wealth Labor relations Consumer protection Self-interest vs. altruism Employee relations Management accountability Attitude toward technology Minority relations Attitude toward government Human-environment interface Aesthetic values

10. 10 Intel Value Statements Customer Orientation Results Orientation Great Place to Work Discipline Quality Risk Taking Re-arranged depending on the priorities.

11. 11 Ten Commandments of Success 1. Work Hard 2. Study Hard 3. Have Initiative 4. Love Your Work 5. Be Exact 6. Have the Spirit of Conquest 7. Cultivate Personality 8. Help and Share with Others 9. Be Democratic 10. In all Things Do Your Best Carnegie Steel Company – Charles Schwab

12. 12 Values of Caring Leaders Honesty Consideration Responsibility Persistence Excellent Commitment

13. 13 Full-Swing Values Know one’s valuesFoul ball Cherish one’s valuesSingle Declare one’s valuesDouble Act on one’s valuesTriple Act habitually on one’s valuesHOME RUN Are your values in full-swing???