1. Battery Chemistry Electrochemical Cells Cu 2+ (aq) + Zn(s)  Cu(s) + Zn 2+ (aq)

2. Electric Cars Chevy Volt: Charge uses 8 kWh of electricity to drive 40 miles Equivalent in miles per gallon:

3. Is it worth it? Cost of Ch. Volt = $40,000 Accord/Camry = $25,000

4. Energy Density: Burning Ethanol CH 3 CH 2 OH + 3 O 2  2 CO 2 + 3 H 2 O  G = -1324 kJ/mol Energy per kg:

5. Energy Density: Lead Acid Car Battery Pb + PbO 2 + 2 H 2 SO 4  2 PbSO 4 + 2 H 2 O n = 4, E o = 2.05 V, F = 96.5 kJ/V  G = -nFE o Energy per kg: combined molar mass = 643 g/mol

6. Goals for Battery Development:

7. Battery Chemistry Cu 2+ (aq) + Zn(s)  Cu(s) + Zn 2+ (aq)

8. E o cell = E o cathode - E o anode

10. Common Batteries:

12. Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries Anode: Cathode: Alloy is a mixture of 1 part (lanthanum, cerium, neodymium) and 5 parts (nickel, cobalt, manganese, aluminum)

13. Lithium Ion Batteries Anode:LiCoO 2  Li 1-x CoO 2 + x Li + + x e - Cathode: x Li + x e - + C  Li x C

14. Fuel Cells