1. MONGOL INVASION & DOMINATION

2. Invasion  Appeared suddenly in 1223, attacked in south then disappeared  Reappeared in 1237, attacking Riazan from north  Sacked Kiev in 1240  1237-1242: Under Batu Khan, ravaged all Russian lands

3. MONGOL INVASION & DOMINATION Who were the Mongols?  Mostly Tatars from Central Asia  Consolidate empire & expanded under Chingis Khan  Sacked Kiev in 1240  1237-1242: Under Batu Khan, ravaged all Russian lands

4. MONGOL INVASION & DOMINATION Russia under Mongol Rule  Mongol overlordship  Russian princes invested by Khan, paid tribute  Appanage period  Individual territorial rule  Rise to prominence of:  Galicia & Volynia (southeast)  Rostov, Suzdal, Vladimir (northeast)  Novgorod (north)

5. MONGOL INVASION & DOMINATION Russia under Mongol Rule  Population shift  moved west & northeast  linguistic/ethnic differentiation Russian Ukrainian Belorussian

6. MONGOL INVASION & DOMINATION Russia under Mongol Rule  Internal division & weakness  External aggression & conquest  west & southwest fell to Lithuanians, then Poles  north subject to German (Teutonic), Swedish, Norwegian, Lithuanian attacks  Relative isolation & loss of international importance

7. MONGOL INVASION & DOMINATION Social Structure  Continuity & change  Princes  Clergy & Boyars: now with votchina  Freeservants (liudi)  Traders, merchants, artisans  Peasants  Slaves (kholopy)

8. MONGOL INVASION & DOMINATION Culture  Mongols interfered little with Russian life  But many consider it dark period  education/literacy declined  decline of towns meant urban culture deteriorated  poverty & political disunity  Some advancements & achievements occurred despite difficulties

9. MONGOL INVASION & DOMINATION Culture  Literature  Written works diminished  Oral tradition continued, but not on same level as Kievan

10. MONGOL INVASION & DOMINATION Culture  Art  Icon painting flourished & developed Andrei Rublev (@1370-1430) The Trinity - Rublev Archangel Michael - Rublev The Redeemer - Rublev

11. MONGOL INVASION & DOMINATION Culture  Art  Icon painting flourished & developed Andrei Rublev (@1370-1430) Theophanes (late 14 th – early 15 th c.) The Dormition - Theophanes Our Lady of the Don - Theophanes

12. MONGOL INVASION & DOMINATION Culture  Art  Icon painting flourished & developed Andrei Rublev (c. 1370-1430) Theophanes (late 14 th – early 15 th c.) Dionysius (c. 1440-1502) John the Baptist - Dionysius The Crucifixion - Dionysius

13. MONGOL INVASION & DOMINATION Culture  Architecture  Considered one of glories of period  Most structures made of wood