1. Sniper Tracking With Wireless Sensor Networks
Challenges, Technology Advancement and Current Systems
Cordova Sniper Tracking with Wireless Sensor Networks

2. Cordova Sniper Tracking with Wireless Sensor Networks
Outline
Design Space – Challenges and Issues
Background Information
Subjective Classes
Early Sniper Detection Systems
Manet and WSN
Current Systems
Conclusion
Cordova Sniper Tracking with Wireless Sensor Networks

3. Cordova Sniper Tracking with Wireless Sensor Networks
Motivation
Interesting Topic
A Valued Emerging Technology
Saves Lives From Terrorist Activity
Fascinating Technology
High Profile Subject
‘911’ Reaction
Removing a Deadly Threat
Cordova Sniper Tracking with Wireless Sensor Networks

4. Cordova Sniper Tracking with Wireless Sensor Networks
Design Space Issues
Ad Hoc, Multihop, Unpartitioned Network of Largely Homogeneous, Tiny, Resource-constrained, Mostly Immobile Sensor Nodes
Framework for Discussing and Structuring Coordinated Research
Avoid Duplicate Work
Develop Flexible Software
Cordova Sniper Tracking with Wireless Sensor Networks

5. Cordova Sniper Tracking with Wireless Sensor Networks
Background
Snipers Are a Deadly Threat
Battlefield and Urban Environments
Early Systems of Detection Lacking
Bullet Reaches Target Long Before Sound
No Practical Method to Localize Sniper
Early WSN Systems Still Needed Research and Improvement
Cordova Sniper Tracking with Wireless Sensor Networks

6. Research and Improvement
Accurate Sniper Localization
Deployment
Mobility
Cost, Size, Resources and Energy
Heterogeneity
Communication Modes
Network Topology
Coverage
Connectivity
Cordova Sniper Tracking with Wireless Sensor Networks

7. Research/Improvement - cont’d
Network Size
Lifetime
Software issues
Hardware Issues
Integration Challenges
Real-time Constraints
External Entities
Cordova Sniper Tracking with Wireless Sensor Networks

8. Cordova Sniper Tracking with Wireless Sensor Networks
Specific Issues
Time Synchronization
Message Routing
Sensor Localization and Density
Signal Detection
Portability
Dynamic/Static Sensor Networks
Processing Sensor Information
Cordova Sniper Tracking with Wireless Sensor Networks

9. Early Implementations
Visual – Infrared Cameras
Acoustic – Microphones
Shockwave – Pressure Sensors
Optics – Laser Reflection
Muzzle – Blast and Flash
Computer Assisted Satellite Surveillance
“Best Guess”
Cordova Sniper Tracking with Wireless Sensor Networks

10. Early Sniper Detection Systems
Cordova Sniper Tracking with Wireless Sensor Networks

11. Current Implementations
ShotSpotter
Boomerang
Small Arms Detection System SADS
WeaponWatch
C-Sniper integrated with DARPA Crosshairs
Robot Enhanced Detection Outpost With Lasers - REDOWL
Cordova Sniper Tracking with Wireless Sensor Networks

12. Conclusion and Improvements
“How long can we keep doing it this way?”
‘911’ Events Prompted Accelerated Development and Delivery of Systems
Sniper Threats Have Changed Drastically
Trend Toward Fully Automated Systems with Operator Control to Engage Threat
“Teminator” Type Systems Possible But Not Probable Due to ‘Rules of Engagement”
Cordova Sniper Tracking with Wireless Sensor Networks

13. Current Implementations cont’d
Boomerang
Cordova Sniper Tracking with Wireless Sensor Networks

14. Current Implementations cont’d
SADS
Cordova Sniper Tracking with Wireless Sensor Networks

15. Current Implementations cont’d
WeaponWatch
Cordova Sniper Tracking with Wireless Sensor Networks

16. Cordova Sniper Tracking with Wireless Sensor Networks
References
[1] The 29 Palms Experiment: Tracking vehicles with a UAV-delivered sensor network.tinyos.millennium.berkeley.edu/29Palms.htm.
[2] Sniper Localization - G. Simon, A. Ledezczi, and M. Maroti. Sensor Network-
Based Countersniper System. In Proc. SenSys, Baltimore, USA, November 2004.
[3] W. M. Meriall, F. Newberg, K. Sohrabi, W. Kaiser, and G. Pottie. Collaborative Networking Requirements for Unattended Ground Sensor Systems. In Proc. IEEE Aerospace Conference, March 2003.
[4]
[5] Projects/1Joe&Wing's%20Presentation/Presentation01.ppt#5
[6]
[7]
[8]
Cordova Sniper Tracking with Wireless Sensor Networks