1. Using the Inhuman to Stop the Unthinkable CHID370/COM302 Winter 2007 Lecture 1

2. Bomb Heat The Blast Radiation The “Little Boy” casing replica Courtesy of Wikipedia

3. The Mushroom Cloud Over Hiroshima August, 6, 1945 The Manhattan Project as an example of “Big Science”

4. National Defense Research Council Vannevar Bush first Chairman 6.5 million dollars Later subsumed under Office of Scientific Research and Development Created number of labs, radar, sonar, Manhattan Project Bush with Differential Analyzer, 1945

5. Military-Industrial Complex A new and powerful configuration between... Military--provides the market Business--provides production capabilities University--provides the know-how Eisenhower popularizes the term-17 Jan 1961 President Eisenhower, 1956

6. “ This conjunction of an immense military establishment and a large arms industry is new in the American experience. The total influence — economic, political, even spiritual — is felt in every city, every statehouse, every office of the federal government. We recognize the imperative need for this development. Yet we must not fail to comprehend its grave implications. Our toil, resources and livelihood are all involved; so is the very structure of our society. In the councils of government, we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist.” President Dwight D. Eisenhower

7. ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator First large scale digital computer First application- Hydrogen bomb Massive! 17,468 vacuum tubes 30 tons Input punch cards Six women worked as programmers

8. Here comes “Joe” 1949-USSR successfully tests atomic bomb in Kazakhastan “Joe 1” or “First Lightning” Move from a mentality of “offense/defense” to one of control

9. The Cold War

10. Getting the human out of the loop Calculations would take too long or not possible Human error Experiences beyond human affective capabilities Not to expose humans to so much damage

11. The legacy Computing wouldn’t have become a commercial application without the military Calculate, command, communicate A product of relationships between the military, university, industry Stimulus to the post-war electronics industry Implicated in the inhuman