1. FOREST MANAGEMENT PRESCRIPTIONS Prescription = A schedule of activities for a stand, landscape, watershed, or other management unit Five key elements: 1.Statement of goals 2.Understanding of historical processes 3.Land-type classification 4.Treatment schedule 5.Quantitative projection of conditions and outcomes

2. I. Goals and Objectives 1.Goals Timeless statement of intent Statement of direction, don’t necessarily expect to fully achieve a goal 2.Objectives Specific statement of intended accomplishment Measurable, observable, has a reference to time, an associated cost, and is attainable.

3. II. Land Classification Four kinds of maps: 1.Biophysical environment 2.Status and trends 3.Resource interpretation 4.Coordinated planning 1 st generation: raw data 2nd generation: classification generated from raw data

4. Stand Inventory Map: e.g. “Compartments”

5. Stands by Management History

6. Current Vegetation or Cover Type

7. Natural Communities

19. Planning and analysis scale Ecological Units Purpose, objectives, and general use General size range Ecoregion Global Continental Regional Domain ---------- Division ---------- Province Broad applicability for modeling and sampling, strategic planning and assessment, and international planning Millions to tens thousands of square miles Sub-regionSection ---------- Subsection Area-wide planning and watershed analysis Thousands to hundreds of acres LandscapeLandtype association Area-wide planning and watershed analysis Thousands to hundreds of acres Land unit.Landtype association --------- Landtype phase. Project and management area planning and analysis. Hundreds to less than ten acres. National Hierarchy of Ecological Units

20. The National Hierarchy of Ecological Units

21. National Hierarchy of Ecological Units

24. Landscape Diversity Unit

25. Does the Natural Community Approach Adequately Capture Ecosystem Dynamics?

26. Multiple Pathways of Succession: f (Timing, Type, and Intensity of Disturbances + Masting and Seed Availability) From Hemstrom and Logan (1986), in Spies (1997)

27. Low Intensity Low IntensityHigh Intensity Proportion of events 0% 100%

28. Low IntensityHigh Intensity Proportion of events High Intensity 100% 0%

29. Landscape Diversity Units A Modified Land Classification Model? Based on probabilities - disturbance probability functions - successional pathway probability functions Probability distributions must be temporally dynamic Based on ranges of variability Scale-dependent