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UCB Review – EECS228a Jean Walrand U.C. Berkeley www.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wlr.

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Presentation on theme: "UCB Review – EECS228a Jean Walrand U.C. Berkeley www.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wlr."— Presentation transcript:

1 UCB Review – EECS228a Jean Walrand U.C. Berkeley www.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wlr

2 UCB Topics How Networks Work: Internet, Ethernet, ATM Layers: IETF, IEEE, ATM, SONET TCP IP MPLS/DiffServ Multiple Access: TDMA, …, Ethernet, Aloha Switches Performance Models PHY: Sonet, DSL, Modulation, … Wireless Optical Networks

3 UCB How Networks Work Key Ideas: Packets; IP/Link or LAN Applications: HTTP, CDN, VoIP TCP/IP: DNS; TCP; IP Addressing, packet by packet -> Scalable, End-to- end principle Ethernet: MAC address, ARP, … ATM: VC, Service Classes

4 UCB Layers IETF: APP/TCP, UDP/IP/MPLS/LINK, LAN/PHY IEEE: LLC/MAC/PHY for Ethernet ATM: AAL/ATM SONET: PATH/LINK/SECTION …

5 UCB TCP Go Back N Numbering of ACKs Flow Control: Receiver-Advertised Window Slow Start – Congestion Avoidance RTT and timeout estimation Fast Retransmit Fast Recovery Additive Increase – Multiplicative Decrease Justification: Try to be fair and efficient Bias in favor of small RTT Improvements: RED, RIO ECN with AQM …

6 UCB IP Addressing IP Header TTL, Fragmentation, DS field Routing: OSPF, RIP, BGP, Multicast Other Routing: Ad Hoc, Reinforcement Schemes, Location-Based, URL-Based (e.g., Distributed Hash), Load Balancing

7 UCB MPLS & DiffServ Objectives Traffic Engineering with MPLS DRR, Virtual Clock, WFQ TCP/DRR (DRR wins) DiffServ Admission Control

8 UCB Switches Input, Output, VOB, Combined Input/Output Queuing, Shared Memory, Modular (e.g., Clos, Benes, Self- Routing) Scheduling for CoS/QoS Classification

9 UCB Performance Models Markov Chains M/M/1 Little’s Result M/G/1 queues Network of M/M/1 Queues Loss Networks Fluid Models

10 UCB Physical Layer Digital Link: bits -> [MOD] -> signals -> [DEM] -> bits Add error detection DEM: Clock recovery + bit detection Modulation Schemes: Baseband: self-clocking or not Broadband: for wireless, for FDM, to exploit channel bandwidth Examples: Manchester, On/Off optical, QAM on copper SONET: Synchronize transmitters; protection with rings DSL: Divide bandwidth into 4kHz channels; modulate channels based on SNR

11 UCB Wireless Three Generations: Analog/Digital Circuits/Packets Cellular: Frequency reuse; Handoff Wireless LAN: Multiple Access (Reservation) Ad-Hoc: Hop-by-hop with adaptive routing

12 UCB Optical Networks Generations: Optical Links; O/E/O Circuits; O Circuits; O. Burst Switching; Devices: O. Amplifier; Wavelength Converters; Optical Switch; O. Memory; WDM Conclusions: O Circuits in the core: Fast provisioning, protection switching; In core, routers can fill up a wavelength In MAN: WDM (O. Links)

13 UCB Example: Network Ethernet ATM/ADSL ATM Point-to-Point IP link (DHCP; framing) ATM VC (UBR) IP/ATM/SONET SONET PATH

14 UCB Example: Applications Network Application Servers, Content Servers Caches, Storage, Traffic Shapers, Redirection Agents, Processing

15 UCB Speculations: Future Optical Network in Core WEB over Wireless New services: Video Conferencing, Web Television, ? CDN, Storage, … New networks Sensors Robust, Integrated After TCP/IP?

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