2. Energy Environment & Sustainable Development Thematic Network on Energy in the Built Environment Building components and the Energy Performance Directive Peter Wouters Belgian Building Research Institute ENERBUILD workshop Warsaw 6 March 2003

3. Energy Environment & Sustainable Development Thematic Network on Energy in the Built Environment Structure of the presentation Background for the presentation Why in 2003 discussions on Energy Performance Regulations? What are the challenges? Information from SAVE ENPER project Assessment of thermal bridges Conclusions

4. Energy Environment & Sustainable Development Thematic Network on Energy in the Built Environment Background for the presentation Work in relation to EPD and national regulations Coordination of EC SAVE ENPER project Work in Belgian context Proposal for Flemish EP regulation and support for other regions IEA HYBVENT work Task leader on assessment hybrid ventilation in S&R EC RESHYVENT work (hybrid ventilation systems) Task leader on standardisation and regulation Kyoto Buildings network (Implementation of EPD) Network ‘animator’

5. Energy Environment & Sustainable Development Thematic Network on Energy in the Built Environment Energy efficiency and indoor climate : Evoluation during the last 20...30 years In seventies : due to oil crisis, strong interest in energy conservation –Thermal insulation –Efficient boilers Approach in regulations :  minimum requirements with respect to thermal insulation  minimum requirements for efficiency of boilers

6. Energy Environment & Sustainable Development Thematic Network on Energy in the Built Environment Energy efficiency and indoor climate : Evoluation during the last 20...30 years In seventies : due to oil crisis, strong interest in energy conservation –Thermal insulation –Efficient boilers Approach in regulations :  minimum requirements with respect to thermal insulation  minimum requirements for efficiency boilers  requirement on net heating demand of buildings Later on : attention for passive solar energy  free gains

7. Energy Environment & Sustainable Development Thematic Network on Energy in the Built Environment Energy efficiency and indoor climate : Evoluation during the last 20...30 years In seventies : due to oil crisis, strong interest in energy conservation –Thermal insulation –Efficient boilers Later on : attention for passive solar energy  free gains Approach in regulations :  Energy Performance Regulations Mainly in nineties : Summer comfort, visual comfort, air quality Total energy use : domestic hot water, fans, renewables Today : many regulations focus on total primary energy use with attention for indoor climate conditions

8. PLEIADE dwelling Louvain-La-Neuve

12. Energy Environment & Sustainable Development Thematic Network on Energy in the Built Environment Outside Living, bedroom and kitchen Summer temperatures in 1997 10 days

13. Very important for designing and assessing (innovative)building envelopes

14. Energy Environment & Sustainable Development Thematic Network on Energy in the Built Environment Europe  standards and regulations Standards : Construction Product Directive (CPD - 1989) Streamlining of procedures in national standards Major role for CEN, CENELEC, EOTA,… Regulations : Energy Performance Directive (EPD - 2003) Minimum requirements for member states with respect to energy performance requirements No major role for specific European organisation

15. Energy Environment & Sustainable Development Thematic Network on Energy in the Built Environment

16. Article 1 : Objective The objective of this Directive is to promote the improvement of the energy performance of buildings within the Community, taking into account outdoor climatic and local conditions, as well as indoor climate requirements and cost-effectiveness. This Directive lays down requirements as regards: the general framework for a methodology of calculation of the integrated energy performance of buildings; the application of minimum requirements on the energy performance of new buildings; the application of minimum requirements on the energy performance of large existing buildings that are subject to major renovation; energy certification of buildings; and regular inspection of boilers and of air-conditioning systems in buildings and in addition an assessment of the heating installation in which the boilers are more than 15 years old.

17. Energy Environment & Sustainable Development Thematic Network on Energy in the Built Environment Artile 3 : Adoption of a methodology Member States shall apply a methodology, at national or regional level, of calculation of the energy performance of buildings on the basis of the general framework set out in the Annex. Parts 1 and 2 of this framework shall be adapted to technical progress in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 14(2), taking into account standards or norms applied in Member State legislation. This methodology shall be set at national or regional level. The energy performance of a building shall be expressed in a transparent manner and may include a CO2 emission indicator.

18. Energy Environment & Sustainable Development Thematic Network on Energy in the Built Environment The methodology of calculation of energy performances of buildings shall integrate the following aspects: (a) thermal characteristics of the building (shell and internal partitions, etc.). These characteristics may also include air-tightness; (b) heating installation and hot water supply, including their insulation characteristics; (c) air-conditioning installation; (d) ventilation; (e) built-in lighting installation (mainly the non-residential sector); (f) position and orientation of buildings, including outdoor climate; (g) passive solar systems and solar protection; (h) natural ventilation; (i) indoor climatic conditions, including the designed indoor climate.

19. Energy Environment & Sustainable Development Thematic Network on Energy in the Built Environment The positive influence of the following aspects shall, where relevant in this calculation, be taken into account: (a) active solar systems and other heating and electricity systems based on renewable energy sources; (b) electricity produced by CHP; (c) district or block heating and cooling systems; (d) natural lighting.

20. Energy Environment & Sustainable Development Thematic Network on Energy in the Built Environment Article 5 : New buildings Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that new buildings meet the minimum energy performance requirements referred to in Article 4. For new buildings with a total useful floor area over 1 000 m², Member States shall ensure that the technical, environmental and economic feasibility of alternative systems such as: decentralised energy supply systems based on renewable energy, CHP, district or block heating or cooling, if available, heat pumps, under certain conditions, is considered and is taken into account before construction starts.

21. Energy Environment & Sustainable Development Thematic Network on Energy in the Built Environment Article 6 : existing buildings Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that when buildings with a total useful floor area over 1 000 m² undergo major renovation, their energy performance is upgraded in order to meet minimum requirements in so far as this is technically, functionally and economically feasible. Member States shall derive these minimum energy performance requirements on the basis of the energy performance requirements set for buildings in accordance with Article 4. The requirements may be set either for the renovated building as a whole or for the renovated systems or components when these are part of a renovation to be carried out within a limited time period, with the abovementioned objective of improving the overall energy performance of the building.

22. Energy Environment & Sustainable Development Thematic Network on Energy in the Built Environment Article 7 : Energy Performance Certificate Member States shall ensure that, when buildings are constructed, sold or rented out, an energy performance certificate is made available to the owner or by the owner to the prospective buyer or tenant, as the case might be. The validity of the certificate shall not exceed 10 years. The energy performance certificate for buildings shall include reference values such as current legal standards and benchmarks in order to make it possible for consumers to compare and assess the energy performance of the building. The certificate shall be accompanied by recommendations for the cost-effective improvement of the energy performance.

23. Energy Environment & Sustainable Development Thematic Network on Energy in the Built Environment Effective rated output? 20 – 100 kW (non-renewable liquid or solid fuel) Member states must lay down the necessary measures to establish a regular inspection >100 kW In general : inspection at least every 2 years Gas boilers : This period may be extended to 4 years Older than 15 years? 1. Member states must lay down the necessary measures to establish a one-off inspection of the whole heating system 2. Based on this inspection, (including assessment of boiler efficiency and boiler sizing compared to heating requirements of the building), experts shall provide advice to users on replacement of boilers, other modifications to heating system and on alternative solutions Article 8 : Inspection of boilers

24. Energy Environment & Sustainable Development Thematic Network on Energy in the Built Environment What are the challenges?

25. Overview of challenges in relation to calculation procedures EP-Standard calculation procedure Challenges : 1. Approach focusing on total energy use 2. Specific attention for indoor climate 3. Performance oriented procedures 4.Procedures in line with EN standards 5.Principleof equivalence : scientific aspects 6.Attention for design, component andexecutionperformance 7.Designer oriented software support EP-standardisation EP-calculation procedure Challenges : 1. Approach focusing on total energy use 2. Specific attention for indoor climate 3. Performance oriented procedures 4.Procedures in line with EN standards 5.Principleof equivalence : scientific aspects 6.Attention for design, component andexecutionperformance 7.Designer oriented software support EP-calculation

26. Energy Environment & Sustainable Development Thematic Network on Energy in the Built Environment Heating Cooling Fans Lighting Hot water Pumps Humidification...  EP-Approach Expressed in e.g. primary energy Guarantee that certain indoor climate levels can be reached for given boundary conditions 1. Attention for total energy use 2. Specific attention for indoor climate

27. Energy Environment & Sustainable Development Thematic Network on Energy in the Built Environment Office building 3 floors, constructed in 1990 Characteristics(NEN): Volume = 7158 m³ A fl = 2386 m² A T = 3099 m² C = V/A T = 2.31 k s = 0.70 W/m²-K K = 48 NHN NL = 325 MJ/m² EPC NL = 2.39 33% Transmission 21% Ventilation 34% Lighting 2% 8% Fans Hot water pumps

28. Energy Environment & Sustainable Development Thematic Network on Energy in the Built Environment EPR procedures are rather voluminous… Netherlands France Germany Proposal for Flemish Region has comparable complexity as in surrounding countries

29. Impact of regulations? Example : Insulation level of new dwellings 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 198919901991199219931994199519961997 Date of Building Permit K-peil One family dwellings Apartment buildings New dwellings in the Flemish Region (Belgium)

30. Energy Environment & Sustainable Development Thematic Network on Energy in the Built Environment Results for each period... 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 1-family dwellingsApartment buildings K No requirement Maximum K65 Maximum K55 Nearly no improvement Not evident that a regulation is respected...

31. Energy Environment & Sustainable Development Thematic Network on Energy in the Built Environment EP-requirements and practical implementation Challenges : 8. Various levels of complexity in procedures 9. Consultation with building sector 10. Correct boundary conditions for various actors 11. Easy access to reliable input data 12. Appropriate requirement levels 13. Legal framework for principle of equivalence 14. Clear procedures allowing effective control 15. Effective system for compliance checking 16. General awareness, training,… EP-legislation At least 16 challenges EP-Standard calculation procedure Challenges : 1. Approach focusing on total energy use 2. Specific attention for indoor climate 3. Performance oriented procedures 4. Procedures in line with EN standards 5. Principle of equivalence : scientific aspects 6. Attention for design, component and execution performance 7. Designer oriented software support EP-calculation

32. Energy Environment & Sustainable Development Thematic Network on Energy in the Built Environment Challenges in relation to legislation

33. Energy Environment & Sustainable Development Thematic Network on Energy in the Built Environment EPD long term priorities 2002 2003200420052006200720082009201020112012 EPD limit date certification (option article 15) Timing for implementing Directive by member states EPD limit date national implementation 4 January 2006 EPD medium term priorities EPD approved Published 4 January 2003 What is the present situation?

34. Energy Environment & Sustainable Development Thematic Network on Energy in the Built Environment International collaboration in relation to Energy Performance Regulation : SAVE-EnPeR project (2001-2003) The SAVE-EnPeR project aims : to set up a platform for information exchange, to systematically collect and analyse these approaches and to develop suggestions for a ‘model code’.

35. Energy Environment & Sustainable Development Thematic Network on Energy in the Built Environment Identified tasks in SAVE-ENPER B1 : EP calculation procedures B2 : Approaches for dealing with innovative concepts B3 : Legal context for and practical implementation of EP legislation B4 : Applicability on existing buildings B5 : Impact of EP regulation on the building and technology market B6 : Source book ‘best practice concepts’ and model building code B7 : Website B8 : Seminars B9 : Identification of priority areas for further action

36. 2001 2002 2003 B1 : calculation procedures B2 : Innovative concepts B3 : Legislation B4 : Applicability existing build. B5 : Impact on market B6 : Building model code B7 : Website Meetings B8 : Seminars Timing of seminars and tasks… June 18 - Brussels November 12 - Paris March 6 - Athens September 18 - London February 3 - Delft May 19 - Brussels

37. Energy Environment & Sustainable Development Thematic Network on Energy in the Built Environment Calculation related aspects (J.C. Visier)

38. Energy Environment & Sustainable Development Thematic Network on Energy in the Built Environment Legal aspects (M. Santamouris)

39. Energy Environment & Sustainable Development Thematic Network on Energy in the Built Environment Vertical activities Horizontal activities General philosophy Strategy - Contacts DG’s, CEN, EOTA,... Dissemination (website, newsletter, conferences) Product databases (concepts, coordination,..) Global consistency management Software EPR calculation procedures Energy certificationLegal aspects Advanced facades and windows Advanced ventilationIntelligent lighting Operational performances of HVAC Heat pumpsPV and renewablesIndoor climateInteliigent controlBoiler testingAC testing Database of English doc. (+ FR? GE?) Economics Sustainable energy Studies on compliance of regulation Networking Existing buildings incl. renovations Validation of EP procedures EP for market support Loans, subsidies,... Education Required activities (just a list of examples…)  There clearly is a need for European/international coordination

41. Key challenge To defragment the European pre-normative and pre-legislative research on sustainable energy performances of buildings

42. Energy Environment & Sustainable Development Thematic Network on Energy in the Built Environment © J. Vyncke

43. “Monolithic” Partners known at outset Tasks identified Budget known “Incremental” participation Tasks identified Budget known Not all partners are in “Incremental” funding Objectives known Technology roadmap Tasks to be completed Budget to be changed Participants as well Integrated Projects Kyoto Buildings Platform is under preparation Probably possibilities in Intelligent Energy for Europe

44. Energy Environment & Sustainable Development Thematic Network on Energy in the Built Environment Building components and the Energy Performance Directive

45. Energy Environment & Sustainable Development Thematic Network on Energy in the Built Environment EC SAVE KOPRACTIC project At present, EUROKOBRA EEIG manages the KOPRACTICE project. KOBRA and EUROKOBRA EEIG are now distributed at low cost or free of charge In close collaboration with EURIMA, the European insulation association.

46. Energy Environment & Sustainable Development Thematic Network on Energy in the Built Environment 2-D and 3-D analysis At present, the software and database handle 2- dimensional details. It is planned to have in the beginning of 2004 a software and database allowing 2D and 3D

47. Energy Environment & Sustainable Development Thematic Network on Energy in the Built Environment Example of 3 dimensional roof analysis

48. Energy Environment & Sustainable Development Thematic Network on Energy in the Built Environment Example of floor heat losses

49. Energy Environment & Sustainable Development Thematic Network on Energy in the Built Environment In parallel with KOBRA software and EUROKOBRA database : IAKOB awareness tool Developed by the school of architecture Sint Lucas in Gent (Belgium) In close collaboration with BBRI Fully operational for Dutch version in Belgian context

52. Energy Environment & Sustainable Development Thematic Network on Energy in the Built Environment

54. Czech Republic has decided to join the AIVC Presentation foreseen at Polish Ventilation Forum

55. Energy Environment & Sustainable Development Thematic Network on Energy in the Built Environment Conclusions Implementing an approach as required in EPD seems very logical in present context Such implementation is challenging but, if well prepared and coordinated, feasible An EPR clearly offers new opportunities for the building industry and should lead to increased quality of buildings at reasonable additional cost We hope to achieve increased European collaboration