1. High Temperature Superconducting Solenoid Punch

2. Our Mission Make an actuator using BSSCO 2223 HTS tape from American Superconductor

3. What is an actuator? MEMX High Performance Steerable MicroMirrors http://www.memx.com/products.htm A device that converts between mechanical energy and other forms Copper solenoids http://www.magnet-schultz.com/msafront2.jpg

4. Permanent magnet levitating over a superconductor http://helium.ee.tut.fi/supraryhma/images/korkealla.jpg What is a superconductor? A material that conducts without resistance A material that conducts without resistance Impenetrable by external magnetic fields (up to a point) Impenetrable by external magnetic fields (up to a point) Two types: Type I and Type II Two types: Type I and Type II Examples: Examples:  YBCO: Yttrium barium copper oxide  BSSCO 2212, 2223: (Bi,Pb) 2 Sr 2 Ca 1 Cu 2 O x, (Bi,Pb) 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O x

5. BSSCO 2223 Structure BSSCO 2223 Unit Cell http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/uploads/approved/adt- NWU20030305.113225/public/02Whole.pdf

6. Our HTS Tape American Superconductor BSSCO 2223 4 mm (W) x 0.21 mm (T) Up to ~108 A Critical temperature (T C ) of 110 K

7. BSSCO 2223 Processing

8. BSSCO 2223: I C vs. H

9. Current vs. Bending Diameter

10. Actuator Choice Persistent actuator?  Can’t make superconducting junction Core choice  Magnetostrictive  Hard magnet  Soft magnet

11. Coil Radius Setup

12. Radius Measurements

13. The Apparatus

14. Field Calculations Magnetic field (tesla, cm)

15. Force Magnetization of Fe: 334225 A/m Force (N, cm)

16. Apparatus Fabrication

17. Solenoid Assembly

18. Assembled Solenoid

19. Testing: Magnetic Field

20. Testing: Magnetic Gradient 1 amp, room temperature

21. Self-Field Tests

23. Current Tests

24. Load Cell Setup

25. Force

26. Supercool

27. Conclusions Copper solenoid (1.5” x 2.4”) outperforms our actuator (force), even at room temperature

28. Energy Density Energy density of Supercool solenoid: 17400 J/m 3  7.0 cm outer diameter  3.36 J of total energy Energy density of 1.5” x 2.4” Cu solenoid: 16100 J/m 3

29. Further Considerations Commercial tape: > 135 A Colder temperature YBCO 2 nd generation tape  ~ 7 T at 77K

30. Acknowledgements Professor Chiang Professor Vander Sande Yin-Lin Xie David Bono Ken Stone Ed Moriarty Leslie Bromberg 3.082 staff

31. References YBCO second generation tape: http://www.amsuper.com/html/products/library/2g_white_paper_-_march_2004.pdf http://www.amsuper.com/html/products/library/2g_white_paper_-_march_2004.pdf Montgomery, D. Bruce. Solenoid Magnet Design: The Magnetic and Mechanical Aspects of Resistive and Superconducting Systems. Wiley-Interscience, New York. 1969. Magnet-Schultz commercial Cu solenoid: http://magnet-schultz.com/newRTP24X19INT.htm http://magnet-schultz.com/newRTP24X19INT.htm