1. Oct 1998 Network/Protocol Architecture

2. Oct 1998 Network Architecture: Integrated vs. Overlay Basic architectural options for broadband wireless systems: Integrated Broadband + Mobile Network + separate radio access components Overlay Mobile Network + Broadband Services + separate core network Fixed Network Radio Air Interface A Radio Air Interface B Core Network + Mobility Overlay Mobile Network (e.g. GSM) + broadband services Radio Air Interface A Radio Air Interface B Multiple radio air interfaces “plugged in” to mobility-enhanced core network More suitable for scalable/ubiquitous services...

3. Oct 1998 Network Architecture: Seamless Wired+Wireless System Home/Office Gateway MM PDA........... Switch/Router Media Servers PC, STB, etc. Microcellular Mobile Network Multiservices Broadband Network........... Radio Port Mobility Support Switch/Router Wireless Local Access Typical architecture of integrated (broadband + mobile) network: cellular, PCS air interface broadband air interface to Internet & PSTN Gateways

4. Oct 1998 Network Architecture: Protocol Selection Once the integrated network approach is selected, basic issue is that of selecting a multimedia-capable core network protocol to use as foundation:  ATM  IP  both ATM and IP in some suitable combination?  future open programmable/active network? Selection is complicated by the existence of different protocols for telecom networks and Internet (though gradual convergence is now a definite possibility…)

5. Oct 1998 Network Architecture: Wireless ATM System Wireless ATM is a candidate architecture which assumes that the multimedia services infrastructure is ATM-based:  Support for service integration & QoS  Connection-oriented framework suitable for dynamic handoff  ATM cells reasonable unit for radio link retransmission ATM SWITCH + Mobility Ext WATM TERMINAL ATM ACCESS POINT WATM Radio Air Interface Mobile ATM “M” UNI/NNI ATM HOST/SERVER Standard UNI: ATM or IP/ATM Standard UNI (+M): ATM or IP/ATM WATM cells ATM cells Radio Microcell 1 Radio Microcell 2

6. Oct 1998 Network Architecture: Wireless IP System Wireless IP an alternative approach based on the notion that today’s Internet protocols will evolve to provide most multimedia services:  Provides a robust packet-switched solution for radio access  Connectionless protocols offer lower complexity implementation  Enhancements needed for QoS support and dynamic mobility IP ROUTER + Mobility Ext IP TERMINAL IP ACCESS POINT Radio Air Interface IP/RSVP + “M” IP HOST/SERVER Standard IP Standard IP/RSVP “+M” IP Pkts w/ DLC segments IP packets Radio Microcell 1 Radio Microcell 2

7. Oct 1998 Application Data Medium Access Control Radio Transport Convergence Layer Radio Physical Medium Dependent Layer Wireless Control Radio PHY Radio Access Layers User Plane Control Plane Signaling, etc. + mobility ext.. VC# 12 n ATM Network Layer SIG VC Radio link control Multiplexed user data Radio Signal Data Link Control (or “LLC”) ATM Adaptation Layers Network Architecture: “+M” Protocol Stacks Application Data Medium Access Control Radio Transport Convergence Layer Radio Physical Medium Dependent Layer Wireless Control Radio PHY RSVP + Mob Ext.. Flow # 1 n IP Network Layer (incl.. Mob IP) Radio link control Multiplexed user data Radio Signal Data Link Control (or “LLC”) TCP/UDP/RTP Control Flow Wireless ATM Protocol Stack Wireless IP Protocol Stack Optional

8. Oct 1998 Technology Components: Mobile Network/Protocols As discussed, broadband mobile networks will require integrated mobility support as a “first-class” service  no distinction between mobile & fixed users (unified address space)  terminal movement supported by core routing/switching protocols Above objectives recognized by groups working on core network protocols:  mobile IP as standard service within IPv6 (..completed)  mobile ATM as optional extensions to UNI/NNI (..complete in ‘99) Further work needed on  IP/ATM integration with mobility  mobility extensions for new IP features such as mcast, QoS

9. Oct 1998 Technology Components: Mobility Support in IP Mobile IP provides protocol extensions for rerouting data to a mobile user, but does not support dynamic handoff  Functions include: packet forwarding, route re-optimization IP Network Mobile IP Access Network Route of Packets after move Terminal Movement Route of Packets before move Packet with IP addr=A Mobile IP provides mapping from A->current IP addr Location update initiates rerouting after radio handoff IP Addr A (permanent) Temporary IP addr: B Mob IP Router Home Agent Foreign Agent Additional RSVP+M extensions under consideration for QoS & handoff Fwd path for in-transit packets

10. Oct 1998 Technology Components: Mobility Support in ATM “M” UNI/NNI protocol extensions provide integrated & efficient support for mobility within ATM access network  Functions include: location mgmt, handoff control, mobile QoS/routing ATM Network Mobile ATM Access Network Rerouted Connection After handoff Crossover switch Terminal Movement Connection Before Handoff Connect (ATM Addr A) Initial Location AL1 Next Location AL2 Location Mgmt provides mapping of A-> AL1, AL2 Handoff supports Dynamic rerouting Of active connections User Addr A (permanent) HO (BS1->BS2) BS1 BS2 User Addr A

11. Oct 1998 Technology Components: Mobile ATM Protocols Location management can be integrated into existing ATM connection procedures.... (external servers can also be used)  simple extensions to current CONNECT, RELEASE IE’s, etc.  no need for a-priori partitioning of mobile & static address space ATM Host move setup (home_addr) release (foreign_addr) setup (foreign_addr, home_addr) update Home switch Current Foreign switch (1) (2) (3) (4)

12. Oct 1998 Technology Components: Mobile ATM Protocols Handoff can be implemented via modest extensions to existing ATM UNI/NNI signaling...  new signaling messages/IE’s for handoff initiation, COS select, etc.  provides high-performance, scalable solution (compared with external MSC, BSC, etc.) move handoff request (1) COS select ATM Host Crossover Switch (COS) add subpath tear down subpath handoff confirm

13. Oct 1998 Network part of broadband wireless system can be used as a generic infrastructure for various current & future radio access technologies --> platform for IMT2000/UMTS migration  Generic +M protocols supported by network routers/switches  Interworking function at AP converts to/from radio protocol SWITCH/ROUTER + Mobility Ext IP/WLAN TERMINAL AP Wireless data air interface Generic “+M” Protocol To Internet or Cellular/PCS Network Gateways Wdata pkts Cellular/PCS Air Interface System Issues: Legacy Radio Service Integration

14. Oct 1998 GSM Network Mobile ATM Access Network Terminal Movement GSM GSM/ATM gateway GSM Proxy M UNI GSM radio link M NNI M UNI M NNI GSM Handoff & loc mgmt within mobile ATM cloud provided By “M” UNI/NNI GSM radio link HLR/VLR GSM radio air interface Proxy migration M NNI GSM radio link GSM Proxy M UNI GSM radio link System Issues: Legacy Radio Service Integration For mobile ATM infrastructure, a “proxy M-UNI” can be used at the AP for interworking with a non-WATM radio protocol...  GSM (or other cellular access protocol) converted to M-UNI at AP  Mobile ATM provides handoff and location mgmt to GSM user GSM

15. Oct 1998 System Issues: Mobile (IP+ATM) solutions (1) IP-over-mATM ATM connection appears as a link-layer “tunnel” to IP Mobile ATM transparently supports terminal migration (mobile IP not needed for local mobility) Internet Mobile ATM Access Network Terminal Movement IP IP/ATM gateway IP radio link IP M UNI radio link M NNI M UNI IP M UNI IP M NNI IP IP/mATM link rerouted by mobile ATM

16. Oct 1998 System Issues: Mobile (IP+ATM) solutions - (2) IP Switching-over-WATM (Mobile) IP protocol run directly on ATM/WATM hardware Each WATM component operates as L3 IP router with addl. cut-through switching capability (e.g. Ipsofacto) Support for IP multicasting & QoS Internet Ipsofacto/WATM Access Network Terminal Movement Ipso- facto Ipsofacto gateway WATM radio IP/Ipsofacto/ WATM link Rerouted by Mobile IP Ipso- facto WATM radio WATM radio Ipso- facto Ipso- facto ATM PHY ATM PHY Ipso- facto WATM radio Ipso- facto Ipso- facto IP Including Mobile IP

17. Oct 1998 System Issues: Mobile (IP+ATM) Solutions - (3) IP-over-WATM radio WATM AP can provide packet interface with IP routing Link level MAC & QoS services provided by WATM radio Conventional IP routed backbone network Internet Terminal Movement WATM radio Rerouted by Mobile IP WATM radio WATM radio WATM radio IP Including Mobile IP IP WATM AP