1. Temporal processing Representation of the temporal characteristics of sound

2. Temporal variation in sound carries important information

3. Different measures of temporal processing mature at different rates Gap detection Duration discrimination Forward and backward masking Temporal modulation transfer function

4. Gap detection Time (ms) Level (dB) Time (ms) Level (dB) Interval 1 Interval 2 Which one had a gap?

5. Gap detection for infants Time (ms) Level (dB)

6. Adult gap detection depends on frequency

7. Gap detection by infants: Werner et al. (1992) Frequency (Hz) Level (dB) Time (ms) Level (dB) Time (ms) Level (dB)

8. Gap detection by infants: Werner et al. (1992)

9. Gap detection by children: Irwin et al. (1985)

10. Gap detection by children: Wightman et al. (1988)

11. Detecting gaps between Gaussian shaped tone bursts

12. Gap detection between Gaussian shaped tone bursts

13. Summary of gap detection

14. Duration discrimination

15. Susceptibility to adaptation Adaptation Recovery

16. Susceptibility to adaptation

17. Forward masking as a measure of susceptibility to adaptation Adaptation Recovery Time Amplitude

18. Forward masking: Infants

19. Forward masking: Children

20. Backward masking Time Amplitude

21. Backward masking: Infants

22. Backward masking: Children

23. Amplitude modulation: frequency and depth 10 Hz 20 Hz 100%, 0 dB 25%, -12 dB

24. Temporal modulation transfer function

25. TMTF: Infants 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 110100512 Modulation depth, 20 log m (dB) Modulation frequency (Hz) adults 3-month-olds 6-month-olds

26. TMTF: Children

27. Summary of results on different measures Gap detection: mature at 6 years Duration discrimination: mature at 10 years Forward masking: mature at 6 months Backward masking: mature at 11 years TMTF: mature at 4 years (3 months?)

28. Summary There doesn’t seem to be one age at which all sorts of temporal processing are mature

29. Possible additional contributors to immature temporal processing Intensity resolution Memory Confusion Decision strategy