1. Myxopterus Devonian invertebrate Predator That potentially preyed on ostracoderms

2. Evolution of jaws from pharyngeal (gill) arches

3. Hyostylic- Palatoquadrate loosely bound to cranium, Jaw angle supported by hyoid See Fig 5-5 Autostylic palatoquadrate fused to cranium

4. Hyostylic Jaw at work!

5. Evolution of paired appendages

6. Chondrichthyes = Holocephalans = ratfish, chimaera Fig 5-9 Autostylic

7. Elasmobranchs – “plate gills” sharks, rays skates

8. Hypotreme skates and rays Fig 5-8 Pleurotreme sharks Fig 5-4

9. Holocephali Neoselachiii Squalimorphs Galeomorphs Batoidea Chondrichthyean evolutionary relationships

10. Cladoselache Hybodus Carcharodon 3 major evolutionary radiations – what was trend? Fig 5-1, 5-2, 5-3

11. Shark skin - scales and teeth dermal derivatives

12. Cartilaginous vertebral column with neural and hemal arches and some calcification. Notochord is replaced Trunk vertebra (no hemal arch)

13. Sensory Systems and Feeding

14. Olfaction – a flow-through nostril! “smell blood from a kilometer away!”

15. Touch – water movement via Lateral Line See Figure 4-4

16. Vision Large eyes with tapetum and nictitating membrane

17. Electrical – Ampulla of Lorenzini See Fig 4-7 understand Fig 4-8 experiment

18. Shark brain size Body mass Brain mass Birds Mammals Sharks Fish

19. Reproduction – internal fertilization with claspers on male pelvic fins Fig 5-6 Oviparous Ovoviparous or Viviparous

20. “ Japanese marine park captures rare shark on film ” Ancient??