1. Cellular Respiration …getting the energy back out of glucose

2. Photosynthesis Solar energy is stored in chemical bonds

3. Cellular Respiration Energy from chemical bonds extracted and used

4. Energy stored Photosynthesis Energy extracted Cellular respiration

5. Energy stored Photosynthesis Energy extracted Cellular respiration

6. Photosynthesis Cellular respiration animal plant

7. glucose + 6H20 + 6O2 6CO2 + 12 H20 Energy released and used Cellular respiration

8. 1 / 2 O 2 H2H2 + H2OH2O Explosive release of heat and light energy Free energy, G Uncontrolled

9. 2 H + + 2 e – 2 H (from food via NADH) Controlled release of energy for synthesis of ATP 2 H + 2 e – H2OH2O + 1 / 2 O 2 Free energy, G Electron transport chain Cellular Respiration

10. Cellular respiration: 3 parts *Glycolysis *Krebs Cycle *Electron transport chain linking reaction

11. Cellular respiration

12. Glycolysis

13. Glycolysis: the gory details

14. Gylcolysis: splitting a glucose

15. Energy Still more potential energy

16. Linking Reaction

17. The linking reaction Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Energy Still more potential energy

18. Krebs Cycle

19. Krebs Cycle: the gory details

20. Krebs Cycle Energy

21. Electron transport Chain

22. Electron transport chain Electrons fall ‘down hill’ giving up energy

23. Water falls down hill giving up energy

24. Electron transport chain Electrons fall ‘down hill’ giving up energy High energy Low energy Energy released

25. Electron transport chain

26. Energy from falling electrons runs a pump

27. Pump creates concentration gradient of hydrogen ions (= protons)

28. Energy is in form of imbalance of protons (H+) across membrane

29. Protons (H+) flow through membrane running a ‘water wheel’

30. Energy from proton flow is captured in ATP recharging

31. ATP Synthase

33. Where’s the energy?

34. The Yield for Cellular Respiration 1 glucose molecule: Glycolysis Krebs Cycle 4 ATP Electron transport chain 32 ATP (+ many NADH & FADH)

35. The Yield

36. ETC

37. Electron transport chain High energy Low energy Energy released Oxygen

38. Aerobic respiration - final electron acceptor is oxygen Anaerobic respiration - final electron acceptor is molecule other than oxygen

39. Glycolysis

40. Anaerobic respiration

42. Lactic acid fermentation

44. Alcohol fermentation

46. Pyruvate Glucose CYTOSOL No O 2 present Fermentation Ethanol or lactate Acetyl CoA MITOCHONDRION O 2 present Cellular respiration Citric acid cycle

47. Citric acid cycle Oxidative phosphorylation Proteins NH 3 Amino acids Sugars Carbohydrates Glycolysis Glucose Glyceraldehyde-3- P Pyruvate Acetyl CoA Fatty acids Glycerol Fats Other pathways

48. ATP Citric acid cycle Citrate Isocitrate Oxaloacetate Acetyl CoA H2OH2O CO2CO2 NAD + NADH H2OH2O Malate NAD + NADH + H + Fatty acid

49. Regulating Aerobic Respiration