1. Plant Anatomy and Transport chapters 35 and 36 --focus on sap flow--

2. Sap Flow in Plants 1.basic root structure 2.water flow through the cortex cells 3.the endodermis as a border crossing 4.water flow in the xylem 5.the fate of water in the leaf —photosynthesis —transpiration —stomate function 6. sap flow and maple syrup

3. Figure 35.3 Radish root hairs

4. Figure 35.14 Primary growth of a root

5. epidermis cortex vascular cylinder endodermis

6. Sap Flow in Plants 1.basic root structure 2.water flow through the cortex cells 3.the endodermis as a border crossing 4.water flow in the xylem 5.the fate of water in the leaf —photosynthesis —transpiration —stomate function 6. sap flow and maple syrup

7. Figure 36.11 Ascent of water in a tree

10. Figure 36.6 Compartments of plant cells and tissues and routes for lateral transport

11. Sap Flow in Plants 1.basic root structure 2.water flow through the cortex cells 3.the endodermis as a border crossing 4.water flow in the xylem 5.the fate of water in the leaf —photosynthesis —transpiration —stomate function 6. sap flow and maple syrup

12. Figure 36.7 Lateral transport of minerals and water in roots

13. Apoplast and Symplast

14. Crossing the endodermis boundary

15. Sap Flow in Plants 1.basic root structure 2.water flow through the cortex cells 3.the endodermis as a border crossing 4.water flow in the xylem 5.the fate of water in the leaf —photosynthesis —transpiration —stomate function 6. sap flow and maple syrup

16. A cross section of a dicot root (the purple is starch, the red is lignin) cortex epidermis vascular cylinder

17. Figure 35.10 Review of general plant cell structure

18. Figure 36.11 Ascent of water in a tree

19. Figure 35.8 Water-conducting cells of xylem

20. tracheids vessel elements

21. Tissue: Xylem Cell Type: Tracheary Elements

22. Sap Flow in Plants 1.basic root structure 2.water flow through the cortex cells 3.the endodermis as a border crossing 4.water flow in the xylem 5.the fate of water in the leaf —photosynthesis —transpiration —stomate function 6. sap flow and maple syrup

23. Figure 36.11 Ascent of water in a tree

25. Figure 10.2 Focusing in on the location of photosynthesis in a plant

26. Figure 10.9 Location and structure of chlorophyll molecules in plants CO 2 + H 2 0  C 6 H 12 0 6 + O 2 Light energy

27. Sap Flow in Plants 1.basic root structure 2.water flow through the cortex cells 3.the endodermis as a border crossing 4.water flow in the xylem 5.the fate of water in the leaf —photosynthesis —transpiration —stomate function 6. sap flow and maple syrup

28. Figure 36.10 The generation of transpirational pull in a leaf

29. Figure 36.14 The generation of transpirational pull in a leaf

31. Figure 36.11 Ascent of water in a tree

32. Sap Flow in Plants 1.basic root structure 2.water flow through the cortex cells 3.the endodermis as a border crossing 4.water flow in the xylem 5.the fate of water in the leaf —photosynthesis —transpiration —stomate function 6. sap flow and maple syrup

33. STEPS IN STOMATE OPENING 1.Sun comes up. 2.Photosynthesis depletes CO 2, stimulating proton pump enzymes. 3.Proton pump enzyme turns on. H+ moved out of guard cells by active transport (ATP is used). 4.K+ diffuses into cells via K+ channel enzymes. 5.Water diffuses in to balance its concentration relative to K+ 6.Guard cells swell and change shape.

34. Figure 36.2 A chemiosmotic model of solute transport in plant cells

35. Figure 36.13a The mechanism of stomatal opening and closing

36. Figure 36.13b The mechanism of stomatal opening and closing

37. STEPS IN STOMATE OPENING 1.Sun comes up. 2.Photosynthesis depletes CO 2, stimulating proton pump enzymes. 3.Proton pump enzyme turns on. H+ moved out of guard cells by active transport. 4.K+ diffuses into cells via K+ channel enzymes. 5.Water diffuses in to balance its concentration relative to K+ 6.Guard cells swell and change shape.

38. Sap Flow in Plants 1.basic root structure 2.water flow through the cortex cells 3.the endodermis as a border crossing 4.water flow in the xylem 5.the fate of water in the leaf —photosynthesis —transpiration —stomate function 6. sap flow and maple syrup

39. Maple sap is collected from the xylem in wood before leaves appear. Link to treemet

40. The osmotic theory of sap flow invokes the involvement of living cells and sucrose to generate an osmotic pressure difference between fibers and vessels, which are proposed to be separated by an osmotic barrier. The secondary cell wall is an effective osmotic barrier for large molecules