1. Aqueous Chemistry Why should we study aqueous Chemistry? Water is fundamental requirement for life Most biomolecules are surrounded by water Water plays role in assembling biomolecules Water participates in biochemical processes

2. The human body is about 60% by weight water

3. Electronic structure of the water molecule

4. The water molecule is polar

5. A hydrogen bond

6. Structure of ice

7. Water molecules spontaneously form small hydrogen-bonded clusters

8. A water strider supported by the surface tension of water

9. Relative strengths of bonds in biological molecules

10. van der Waals radii

11. Hydrated solutes Water dissolved many compounds. Dissolved particle is called SOLUTE. Solute ion surrounded by water is called SOLVATED or HYDRATED

12. Glucose

13. A solution of molecules inside a cell

14. Dodecane

15. Hydration of a nonpolar molecule

16. Aggregation of nonpolar molecules in water

17. Fatty acid palmitate

18. A micelle formed by amphiphilic molecules The hydrophobic tails of the molecules aggregate,out of contact with water due to hydrophobic effect. The polar head groups are exposed and can interact with the solvent due to hydrophilic effect

19. A lipid bilayer

20. Lipid vesicle

21. A bilayer prevents the diffusion of polar substances

22. Ionic composition of intracellular and extracellular fluid

23. Sweat and exercise

24. Acid-base balance in humans