1. TV, Standards, and Review TC 310 June 9, 2008

2. Forms of TV Broadcast  Uses spectrum  “Free”  15% of population Cable and Satellite  Subscription based/augments ads  Direct to customer signals  Differing content

3. Types of Regulation Non-efficiency orientation  Localism  Free-over-the-air  Diversity Competition (efficiency) oriented  Regulation among (retransmission,etc)‏  Vertical integration  Geographic ownership

4. Relationships Among Retransmission  Retransmission consent (pro-broadcast)‏ Leverage to carry other channels  Network non-duplication Must Carry Satellite Home Viewer Improvement Act  Local Channels  Carry one, carry all Program Access  Make content, and share it

5. Vertical Integration MVPD market is competitive  Don't worry about vertical integration  Regulators too sensitive to monopoly Broadcast  Finsyn rules Cable  40% of first 75 can be yours, unlimited after  30% of total market, monopsony fears  Both invalidated by Circuit Court

6. Ownership 1996 Act relaxes ownership restrictions  25 to 35% of TV stations  Mandates FCC to investigate further opening Starts out slow, District Court invalidates Media Ownership Decision (R&O)‏  35 to 45% national audience (Congress 39%)‏  Cross-platform opened, only restricted in small  Ownership opened  Criticism of diversity index (Internet & Equality)‏

7. Future of MVPD 1996 Act allows more players  LECs can get involved  Must lay Fiber to do so Pure transmission Produce content Role of Internet  Broadband makes viable  Amateur content desired?  Copyright concerns, Writer Strike

8. Standards Balancing act between  Consumers  Producers  Manufacturers Too much regulation  Like wireless, inferior standards, limitations Too little regulation  Confusion, consumers lose, high risks for independents/innovators

9. Exam Review Similar format  30 multiple choice, 4 essays (6 questions0 VoIP need to incur additional fees? What spectrum policy is being used? Title I v. Title II Regulations effect VoIP Tragedy of the Commons impact on FCC Spectrum Politics

10. More Questions Subsidization v Cross Subsidization IP-to-PSTN, who can call Strengths, weaknesses of Comparative Hearing Cell phones as VoIP? Translation as violation of Net Neutrality