2. What is Csound? a programming language for sound generationa programming language for sound generation uses software synthesis to compile user-defined orchestras and scores to produce musicuses software synthesis to compile user-defined orchestras and scores to produce music allows users to program whatever synthesis method or tuning they likeallows users to program whatever synthesis method or tuning they like challenges users to harness its power to produce musicchallenges users to harness its power to produce music no built-in instrumentsno built-in instruments only the basic building blocks, just like the C programming languageonly the basic building blocks, just like the C programming language

3. The Csound Orchestra contains the instrument designscontains the instrument designs naming convention: the.orc file contains Csound orchestranaming convention: the.orc file contains Csound orchestra begins with four header statements, most commonly the following: begins with four header statements, most commonly the following: sr = 22050 sr = 22050 kr = 2205 kr = 2205 ksmps = 10 ksmps = 10 nchnls = 1 nchnls = 1

4. The Header Statements sr = 22050 sr = 22050 kr = 2205 kr = 2205 ksmps = 10 ksmps = 10 nchnls = 1 nchnls = 1 first header line sets sampling ratefirst header line sets sampling rate number of digital samples for each second of soundnumber of digital samples for each second of sound 44100 Hertz — high quality sampling rate of CDs44100 Hertz — high quality sampling rate of CDs 22050 Hertz — medium quality sampling rate22050 Hertz — medium quality sampling rate 8192 Hertz — low quality telephone sampling rate8192 Hertz — low quality telephone sampling rate

5. The Header Statements sr = 22050 sr = 22050 kr = 2205 kr = 2205 ksmps = 10 ksmps = 10 nchnls = 1 nchnls = 1 second header line sets control rate for more slowly varying functions such as amplitude envelopessecond header line sets control rate for more slowly varying functions such as amplitude envelopes 0 iamp iattackisustainidecay

6. The Header Statements sr = 22050 sr = 22050 kr = 2205 kr = 2205 ksmps = 10 ksmps = 10 nchnls = 1 nchnls = 1 third header line sets number of samples for one control periodthird header line sets number of samples for one control period control period = sampling rate/control ratecontrol period = sampling rate/control rate number of digital samples for each second of soundnumber of digital samples for each second of sound specifying it makes it easier to remember this requirementspecifying it makes it easier to remember this requirement

7. The Header Statements sr = 22050 sr = 22050 kr = 2205 kr = 2205 ksmps = 10 ksmps = 10 nchnls = 1 nchnls = 1 last header line sets number of audio channelslast header line sets number of audio channels 1 — mono soundfiles1 — mono soundfiles 2 — stereo soundfiles2 — stereo soundfiles