2. ENERGY! METABOLISM!

3. What is METABOLISM? Sum total of all the biochemical reactions that go on in a living cell or organism. Involves ANABOLIC and CATABOLIC processes, which compliment each other.

4. oxidative - electrons released involve ‘breaking’ polymers into simpler monomers ENERGY IS RELEASED Catabolic Processes

5. Anabolic processes These are SYNTHESES Molecules are REDUCED (electrons must be added) Make/build complex polymers from simple monomers ENERGY IS REQUIRED, CONSUMED

6. These complex proteins catalyze all metabolic reactions. Enzymes are large and complex PROTEINS, and proteins are encoded by DNA (DNA = recipe for a protein)

7. Enzymes complex with substrate, and hold it in the proper orientation for reaction. What types of environmental conditions affect the activity of enzymes???

8. VERY IMPORTANT molecules involved in shuttling between both: ATP/ADP (energy) NAD+ / NADH (electrons)

9. P ATPADP + + ++ P ATP Role of ADP/ATP

10. Role of NAD+/NADH H2H2 e - NAD+ oxidized NADH 2 reduced + +

11. Coupling of reactions in cell NAD+ Reduced energy source Oxidized energy source NADH 2 + + Every oxidation has a reduction - Every reduction has an oxidation.

12. Some additional rules that appear to govern the workings of the Universe:  THERE IS NO FREE LUNCH.  EVERY REACTION WASTES ENERGY(heat, entropy change) (Otherwise known as the first 2 Laws of Thermodynamics)

13. 1. Substrate level phosphorylation (simple transfer of P from a carbon compound) Fermentation! 2. Cellular Respiration or ‘oxidative phosphorylation’ - a complex process involving an electron transport chain [3. Photophosphorylation - light provides energy, with an electron transport chain] How do cells manage to generate it?