1. Introduction to Data Structure, Spring 2007 Slide- 1 California State University, Fresno Introduction to Data Structure Standard Template Library Ming Li Department of Computer Science California State University, Fresno Spring 2006

2. Introduction to Data Structure, Spring 2007 Slide- 2 California State University, Fresno Template Syntax Template function syntax includes the keyword template followed by a non-empty list of formal types enclosed in angle brackets. In the argument list, each type is preceded by the keyword typename, and types are separated by commas. Format: template

3. Introduction to Data Structure, Spring 2007 Slide- 3 California State University, Fresno Template Syntax - Example template T GetMax (T a, T b) { T result; result = (a>b)? a : b; return (result); } template T GetMin (T a, U b) { T result; result = (a>b)? a : b; return (result); }

4. Introduction to Data Structure, Spring 2007 Slide- 4 California State University, Fresno Template Syntax - Example int main () { int i=5, j=6, k; long l=10, m=5, n; k=GetMax (i,j); n=GetMax (l,m); cout << k << endl; cout << n << endl; return 0; } k=GetMax (i,l);

5. Introduction to Data Structure, Spring 2007 Slide- 5 California State University, Fresno Template Syntax - Example template void selectionSort(T arr[], int n) { int smallIndex; // index of smallest element in the sublist int pass, j; T temp;

6. Introduction to Data Structure, Spring 2007 Slide- 6 California State University, Fresno Template Syntax - Example for (pass = 0; pass < n-1; pass++) { smallIndex = pass; for (j = pass+1; j < n; j++) if (arr[j] < arr[smallIndex]) smallIndex = j; if (smallIndex != pass) { temp = arr[pass]; arr[pass] = arr[smallIndex]; arr[smallIndex] = temp; } } } How to use this template???

7. Introduction to Data Structure, Spring 2007 Slide- 7 California State University, Fresno String Operations (STL) Declaration: string s1; string s2(“a string”); string s3 = “initial value”; string s4(s3); Can specify size of the string string s5 ("small value", 100);

8. Introduction to Data Structure, Spring 2007 Slide- 8 California State University, Fresno String Operations (STL) Getting size and capacity s3.size() – returns number of characters s3.length() – returns number of characters s3.capacity() – returns the capacity of the string Resetting size and capacity s3.resize(50) – change the size to 50 s3.reserve(200) – change the capacity to 200 Checking the size s3.empty() – Is s3 empty?

9. Introduction to Data Structure, Spring 2007 Slide- 9 California State University, Fresno String Operations (STL) Access s.c_str(); - return C_style string s.substr(start, len); – returns a substring c = s[i]; - return an element c = s.at(i); - return an element Comparison if(s1 == s2) - return true if s1 equals s2 i = s.compare(s2) – return 0 if s>s1 i = s.compare(start, len, s1, start1, len1) compare two different strings

10. Introduction to Data Structure, Spring 2007 Slide- 10 California State University, Fresno String Operations (STL) Altering s[i] = c; s.at(i) = c; s.append(s1); - concatenate s1 to s s.assign(s1, start, len) – change content of s s.clear() – empty s s.erase(50,14) – erase 14 characters after the 50 th character s.insert(10, s1) – insert s1 to s at index 10 s.replace(i1,n1,s1,i2,n2)

11. Introduction to Data Structure, Spring 2007 Slide- 11 California State University, Fresno String Operations (STL) Search i = s.find(c); Position of leftmost occurrence of char c. i = s.find(s1); Position of leftmost occurrence of s1. i = s.rfind(s1); As find, but right to left. i = s.find_first_of(s1); Position of first char in s which is in s1 set of chars. i = s.find_first_not_of(s1); Position of first char of s not in s1 set of chars. i = s.find_last_of(s1); Position of last char of s in s1 set of chars. i = s.find_last_not_of(s1); Position of last char of s not in s1 set of chars.

12. Introduction to Data Structure, Spring 2007 Slide- 12 California State University, Fresno Reference List of all functions of C++ Strings: http://www.cppreference.com/cppstring/index.html C-Style String functions: http://www.cplusplus.com/ref/cstring/