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Cervix Dr. Raid Jastania
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Cervical Cancer Screening HPV infection Pre- Cancerous Dysplasia Cancer 10-20 years
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Cervical Intraepithelial Lesions CIN Cervical cancer screening (Pap smear) CIN1, CIN2, CIN3 LSIL, HSIL HPV –Low risk: type 6, 8, 11, 42, 44 –High risk: type 16,18, 31, 33, 35 Host response Genes involved: P53, RB (retinoblastoma gene)
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Cervical Intraepithelial Lesions CIN CIN1: –50-60%regress –30%persist –20%progress to CIN3 –1-5%progress to cancer CIN3: –33%regress –6-74%progress
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Cervical Intraepithelial Lesions CIN Risk factors –Early age at first intercourse –Multiple sexual partners –Partner with multiple previous partners –HPV –Low socio economic class –Smoking –Immunodeficiency
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Cervical Intraepithelial Lesions CIN CIN1: –Flat or chondyloma –Superficial layer –Koilocytosis (raison nuclei, perinuclear halo) CIN2: –More prominent changes –Squamous maturation is present CIN3: –Severe changes, Full thickness –Loss of maturation –Abnormal mitosis
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Cervical Intraepithelial Lesions CIN Cytology and HPV testing –70% of CIN on cytoloyg are HPV positive (high-risk) –50% of Abnormal cytology (ASCUS) are HPV positive –10-15% of normal cytology are HPV positive
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Cervical Cancer Most are squamous cell carcinoma Some are adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous or small cell carcinoma Peak of cancer at 45 years Peak of CIN at 30 years
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Cervical Cancer Findings: –Lesion at the transformation zone –Small, or large, or invasive (Barrel cervix) –Extend to parametrial soft tissue and lymph nodes Symptoms: –Small: asymptomatic, seen on exam as white lesion –Large: vaginal bleedin, leukorrhea, pain
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Cervical Cancer Survival 5-year: –Stage 0 pre cancer100% –Stage190% –Stage 282% –Stage 335% –Stage 410%
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Cervicitis Very common Infectious, non-infectious Acute, chronic Vaginal discharge, leukorrhea Chlamydia, Trichomonas, Candida, N. gonorrhea, Herpes
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Endocervical Polyp Polypoid lesion in the cervical canal ? Inflammatory Mucus gland, cystic change Edematous stroma Inflammation Can result in vaginal bleeding
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