1. Lecture 102/11/05 Review: Monday 4 pm - TSC 006 O-chem candidates Wednesday, Feb. 23, Bonnie Dixon Monday, Feb. 28, William Shay Thursday, March 3, Kishore Bagga

2. Quiz 4 1. What could you add to a solution containing Pb 2+ and Mg 2+ in order to separate the 2 ions? 2. If the concentration of Zn 2+ in 10 mL of water is 1.2 x 10 -4 M, will zinc hydroxide, Zn(OH) 2, precipitate when 2.0 mg of NaOH (MW = 40 g/mol) is added? K sp [Zn(OH) 2 ] = 3 x 10 -17

3. Quiz 4: Review 1. Add Cl -, Br -, I - 2. Q = [Zn 2+ ][OH - ] 2

4. Bronsted-Lowry Acids Proton donor (H + or H 3 O + ) Acidic vs. non-acidic protons Monoprotic (HNO 3 ) Diprotic (H 2 SO 4 ) Triprotic (H 3 PO 4 ) HNO 3 ↔ H + + NO 3 - HNO 3 + H 2 O ↔ H 3 O + + NO 3 - H 2 SO 4 + H 2 O ↔ H 3 O + + HSO 4 - HSO 4 - + H 2 O ↔ H 3 O + + SO 4 2-

5. Bronsted-Lowry Bases Proton acceptor Must have an unshared electron pair NH 3, OH -, Conjugate bases: PO 4 3-

8. Amphoteric (Amphiprotic) H 2 O Intermediate forms of di and triprotic acids HCO 3 - H 2 PO 4 -, HPO 4 2-,

10. Strong vs. Weak Acids and bases Strong – completely dissociates (ionizes) K is very large Weak - doesn’t completely dissociate K is small

11. Acids Strong HCl HBr HI HClO 3 HClO 4 HNO 3 H 2 SO 4 Weak All other acids R-COOH HCl → H + + Cl - Concentrations if you add 0.5 M HCl? HF ↔ H + + F - Concentrations if you add 0.5 M HF?

12. Bases Strong LiOH NaOH KOH RbOH CsOH Ba(OH) 2 Sr(OH) 2 Weak Conjugate bases NH 3 R-NH 2

13. Non-electrolytes Molecules with non-acidic proton Hydrocarbons CH 4, etc

14. Conjugate acids/bases Strong acids have weak conjugate bases Strong bases have weak conjugate acids