1. RGB Intensity Based Variable- Bits Image Steganography 2008 IEEE Asia-Pacific Services Computing Conference (APSCC 2008) 1 st International Workshop on Multimedia, Information Privacy & Intelligent Computing Systems December 9-12, 2008, Yilan, Taiwan Mohammad Tanvir Parvez & Adnan Abdul-Aziz Gutub College of Computer Sciences & Engineering King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM) Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

2. Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /212 Outline The problem Instance Goals Algorithm Idea Step Examples Experimentations Visual and statistical analysis Comparisons

3. Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /213 The Problem Hide (embed) a file within another file Cover FileData File

4. Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /214 Applications Hiding copyright info Avoid snooping Data encapsulation E.g. explanatory information within X-ray images Copyright protections

5. Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /215 Algorithmic Goals Secure Less Distortion Visual Statistical (like Histogram) Not guessable Data location High capacity Not dependent on cover image

6. Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /216 The Idea

7. Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /217 Algorithm: Features One channel as indicator Data in one of the other channels Variable-bits per channel Lower color value – Higher no of bits

8. Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /218 Algorithm Outline 824591 RGB The Algorithm 1.Chose an indicator 2.Chose the channel 3.Decide no of data bits -Partition scheme 4.Get & store the data [say 1101] 5.Modify the other channel (if needed) 824591 1 824591 2 01011101 45 01011011 4 01011101 45 01011010 5 01010010 45 01011011 3 93 45 91

9. Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /219 Example Up to 7 bits have been modified

10. Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /2110 Expectations Secure Random indicator sequence Statistically undetectable Only lower bits are changed High capacity How much of these can be achieved?

11. Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /2111 Experimentations Image size: 640 X 480, Bit depth: 24 No of pixels = 307200 Image size: 150 X 117, Bit depth: 24 Data length = 150896 bits Cover ImageData File

12. Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /2112 Experimentations Pixels utilized: 50939 Constant 3 bits per channel

13. Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /2113 Experimentations Pixels utilized: 41061 3/4 bits per channel

14. Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /2114 Experimentations Pixels utilized: 38364 Constant 4 bits per channel

15. Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /2115 Experimentations Pixels utilized: 35791 4/5 bits per channel

16. Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /2116 Histograms Histogram of Red channel: cover image Histogram of Red channel: stego file

17. Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /2117 Histograms Histogram of Green channel: cover image Histogram of Green channel: stego file

18. Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /2118 Histograms Histogram of Blue channel: cover image Histogram of Blue channel: stego file

19. Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /2119 Comparison Technique No of data bits per channel (bits) No of pixels of cover media utilized (pixels) No of pixels of cover media utilized (percentage) Intensity Based Variable-Bits 3 5093916.58% 3 or 4 4106113.37% 4 3836412.49% 4 or 5 3579111.65% Pixel Indicator 2 + 2 7757825.25% 3 + 3 5905119.22% 4 + 4 4468714.55%

20. Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /2120 Comparison: High Capacity Pixels utilized: 16.5% Constant 3 bits per channel Our Algorithm Pixel Indicator Algorithm Cover Image Data File

21. Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /2121 Summary New idea in image based steganography Variable-bits per channel High capacity algorithm Secure Random indicator sequence