1. Thursday, January 20, 20001 Management of Information Systems: 45-870 Mini-3 Spring 2000

2. Thursday, January 20, 20002 Management of Information Systems Computer Hardware Basics & Trends Managerial Issues IT Exercise #1 Guidelines & Grading Criteria Teams: Formation Assigned Presentation Date Directory Web Page Design & Development

3. Thursday, January 20, 20003 The Information Technology Platform HARDWARE SOFTWARE & DATA TELECOMMUNICATIONS

4. Thursday, January 20, 20004 Computer Basics Who invented the computer? What is a computer?

5. Thursday, January 20, 20005 Central Processing Unit Secondary Storage Devices Control Unit ALU Primary Storage Unit Input Devices Output Devices A Computer System

6. Thursday, January 20, 20006 RAM : Random Access Memory Dynamic: Changes thru processing Static: Remains constant (power on) ROM : Read Only Memory (preprogrammed) PROM: Program can be changed once EPROM: Erasable thru ultraviolet light EEPROM: Electrically erasable Flash Memory Types of Memory

7. Thursday, January 20, 20007 MICROPROCESSOR VLSI CIRCUIT WITH CPU WORD LENGTH: BITS PROCESSED AT ONE TIME MEGAHERTZ: ONE MILLION CYCLES PER SECOND DATA BUS WIDTH: BITS MOVED BETWEEN CPU & OTHER DEVICES REDUCED INSTRUCTION SET COMPUTING (RISC): EMBEDS MOST USED INSTRUCTIONS ON CHIP TO ENHANCE SPEED

8. Thursday, January 20, 20008 First Generation First Generation Second Generation Second Generation Third Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Fourth Generation Fifth Generation Fifth Generation Vacuum Tubes Vacuum Tubes Solid-State Integrated Circuits Integrated Circuits LSI, VLSI Micro- processors LSI, VLSI Micro- processors Greater Power, Smaller Footprint Greater Power, Smaller Footprint Trend: Toward Smaller, Faster, More Reliable, Less Costly Computers Trend: Toward Easy to Purchase, Easy to Maintain Trends in Computer Processing

9. Thursday, January 20, 20009 More Trends microprocessor performance doubling every 18 months (Moore’s Law) while cost constant 100 million transistors on a chip by 2005 Pentium Pro in 1995 (5.5 million transistors) first Intel 4004 in 1971 (2,300 transistors) use of semi-conductors in wider variety of products multi-media extensions CISC & RISC merging silicon-germanium chip can combine analog & digital on a single chip

10. Thursday, January 20, 200010 Powers of 10 and the IT Revolution Visualizing progress in powers of 10... If the automobile, airplane, and other businesses had developed like the information technology business you could …..

11. Thursday, January 20, 200011 Purchase a set of automobile tires for $0.50 that would last 12 million miles.

12. Thursday, January 20, 200012 Purchase a set of automobile tires for $0.50 that would last 12 million miles. Purchase a Rolls Royce for $2.75 that would get 8,800 miles to the gallon.

13. Thursday, January 20, 200013 Purchase a set of automobile tires for $0.50 that would last 12 million miles. Purchase an automobile for $2.75 that would get 8,800 miles to the gallon. Purchase a ticket for an around- the-world airline flight that would last only six minutes.

14. Thursday, January 20, 200014 Purchase a set of automobile tires for $0.50 that would last 12 million miles. Purchase an automobile for $2.75 that would get 8,800 miles to the gallon. Purchase a ticket for an around- the-world airline flight that would last only six minutes. Purchase a home for $10,000 that would occupy 440,000 square feet.

15. Thursday, January 20, 200015 Mainframe Computers Mainframe Computers Midrange Computers Midrange Computers Microcomputers Major Categories of Computers

16. Thursday, January 20, 200016 Centralized Model of Computing Host System/ Mainframe Host System/ Mainframe Terminal

17. Thursday, January 20, 200017 Client Systems Servers Distributed (Client-Server) Model of Computing Client Systems Servers Client Systems Servers

18. Thursday, January 20, 200018 Client Systems Servers Host Systems/ Mainframe Host Systems/ Mainframe Hybrid Model of Computing Terminal

19. Thursday, January 20, 200019 DISK TAPE OPTICAL STORAGE SECONDARY STORAGE

20. Thursday, January 20, 200020 Cylinders Access Mechanism Access Arms Read/Write Heads Disks Tracks: Concentric circles for storing data as magnetized bits. Sectors: Portions of a track Track Magnetic Disks

21. Thursday, January 20, 200021 STANDARD FOR SEQUENTIAL FILES SPOOL OF PLASTIC TAPE COVERED WITH FERROUS OXIDE (2400 feet per spool) RECORD GROUPS: BLOCKING FACTOR (e.g., 10 records per block) GROUPS SEPARATED BY INTER-BLOCK GAP RECORDS READ BLOCK AT A TIME HEADER IBG BLOCK 1 IBG BLOCK 2 IBG BLOCK 3 IBG B Tape

22. Thursday, January 20, 200022 ENCLOSED FERROUS OXIDE TAPE USED PERIODICALLY TO BACK UP RECORDS INEXPENSIVE STORED IN SAFE LOCATION CAN BE REUSED MAGNETIC CARTRIDGE

23. Thursday, January 20, 200023 CD-ROM: 500-660 MEGABYTES LAND: FLAT PARTS OF DISK SURFACE REFLECTS LIGHT PITS: SMALL SCRATCH ON SURFACE SCATTERS LIGHT WORM: WRITE ONCE / READ MANY ERASABLE OPTICAL STORAGE (EOS) DISKS; CD-RW DVD OPTICAL STORAGE

24. Thursday, January 20, 200024 Semiconductor Memory Semiconductor Memory Magnetic Disks Magnetic Disks Magnetic Tape Optical Disks Access Speed Increases Storage Capacity Decreases Cost per Bit Increases Storage Media Trade-offs

25. Thursday, January 20, 200025 Trend: Towards Massive Capacities Using Magnetic and Optical Media Secondary Storage Secondary Storage Magnetic Tape Magnetic Drum Magnetic Tape Magnetic Drum Magnetic Disk Magnetic Tape Magnetic Disk Magnetic Tape Magnetic Disk Optical Disk Magnetic Disk Optical Disk Magnetic Disk Optical Disk Magnetic Disk Major Trends in Secondary Media Storage

26. Thursday, January 20, 200026 More Trends magnetic disks and tapes remain primary mass storage devices through 2005 density of magnetic hard disk drives increasing at 60% per year price per megabyte of disk storage falling by 50% every 15-18 months DVD and CD-RW more popular multi-media applications driving storage developments

27. Thursday, January 20, 200027 Input Devices Input mouse touch screen voice input scanners OCR pen-based

28. Thursday, January 20, 200028 First Generation First Generation Second Generation Second Generation Third Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Fourth Generation Fifth Generation Fifth Generation Punched Card Paper Tape Punched Card Paper Tape Punched Card Punched Card Key to Tape/ Disk Key to Tape/ Disk Keyboard Data Entry Pointing Devices Optical Scanning Keyboard Data Entry Pointing Devices Optical Scanning Voice Recognition Speech and Touch Devices Handwriting Recognition Voice Recognition Speech and Touch Devices Handwriting Recognition Trend: Towards Direct Input Devices that Are More Natural and Easy to Use Input Technology Trends

29. Thursday, January 20, 200029 Output Devices Output CRT LCD Printers Plotters Voice output

30. Thursday, January 20, 200030 First Generation First Generation Second Generation Second Generation Third Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Fourth Generation Fifth Generation Fifth Generation Punched Card Printed Reports and Documents Punched Card Printed Reports and Documents Punched Cards Printed Reports and Documents Punched Cards Printed Reports and Documents Printed Reports and Documents Video Displays Printed Reports and Documents Video Displays Audio Responses Printed Reports and Documents Video Displays Audio Responses Printed Reports and Documents Video Displays Voice Responses Hyperlinked Multimedia Documents Video Displays Voice Responses Hyperlinked Multimedia Documents Trend: Towards Output Methods that Communicate Naturally, Quickly, and Clearly Output Technology Trends

31. Thursday, January 20, 200031 Computer Hardware: Managerial Issues Choosing the “right” computer systems for your business Vertically integrated or distributed or hybrid Mainframe or Midrange or Micro How often and when to purchase / upgrade Industry standards Evolution potential Integration potential Balancing cost, speed, capacity, reliability, security

32. Thursday, January 20, 200032 Guidelines for IT Exercise #1 and Grading Criteria FrontPage should be used to create a “web” and navigation structure for your team’s home page and links All pages in your team’s web should have a similar look and feel, including the individual pages, tech report, and case analyses Web pages will be evaluated for: Design and appearance (consistency, attractiveness, etc.) Functionality Individual (5%), team (5%)

33. Thursday, January 20, 200033 Team Formation and Assigned Presentation Date Forming teams 4-6 team members on a team Choose a team captain, web master, and team name Complete team form and submit to me Assigning a Presentation Date for Team Tech Byte

34. Thursday, January 20, 200034 Team Directory Account Directions Email Alberto Espinosa (josee@andrew.cmu.edu)josee@andrew.cmu.edu to get your team’s account number on andrew server (i.e., 01, 02, 03, etc.) to get write access privileges (for team captain and web master) Move your team’s web pages to andrew server Use FTP (file transfer protocol) to transfer your files to your team’s assigned account ## /afs/andrew/course/45/870/team##, where ## refers to your assigned account (i.e., 01, 02, etc.) View your pages on andrew at: http://www.gsia.cmu.edu/andrew/course/45/870/team##/index.htm

35. Thursday, January 20, 200035 Web Page Design & Development WWW Basics Hypertext markup language (HTML) Hyperlinks Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) Web page design Planning and Designing Effective Web Pages FrontPage Use & Tips (Demo)

36. Thursday, January 20, 200036 WWW Basics: HTML Hypertext markup language (HTML) Tags and attributes Browser Page HTML generators and/or hand coding HTML

37. Thursday, January 20, 200037 Web Browsers and Servers Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) Common Gateway Interface (CGI) scripts Hyperlinks Uniform resource locators (URL) Absolute vs. relative Elements: http://www.microsoft.com/products/yourproduct.htm/#information

38. Thursday, January 20, 200038 Planning & Designing a Web What’s a “web”? Collection of home page, associated pages, graphics, documents, multimedia, other files Designing a web Draw an organization chart of your web pages Decide on a navigation structure Choose a design for your web pages

39. Thursday, January 20, 200039 Example of Web Structure for IT Exercise #1

40. Thursday, January 20, 200040 Elements of Good Web Design Focus Consistency Efficiency Navigation Portability Maintenance Feedback