1. Introduction to Fingerprint Biometrics By Tamar Bar

2. Why use biometrics? · Biometric templates are unique to an individual. · Unlike password, pin number, or smart card, they cannot be forgotten, misplaced lost or stolen. · The person trying to access is recognized by his ID- represented by his unique biometric signature.

3. Why use Fingerprint as a biometric?  Fingerprint scanning has a high accuracy rate.  Fingerprint authentication is a good choice for in-house systems.  scanners are small, ease of integration - can be easily adapted to keyboards.  Relatively low costs make it an affordable, simple choice for workplace access security.  The most common and oldest biometric used.  Fingerprints are credited as reliable in a court of law.

4. Fingerprint basic terms Ridges Furrows Minutiae Points Whorl Arch Loop

5. Samples of Minutiae points 4321 8765 1211109 16151413

6. Identification Vs. Verification one-to-one comparison - Identification and recognition are, essentially synonymous terms. In both processes, a sample is presented to the biometric system during enrollment. The system then attempts to find out who the sample belongs to, by comparing the sample with a database of samples in the hope of finding a match. one-to-many comparison - Verification process is when the biometric system attempts to verify an individual's identity. Identification and recognition involve matching a sample against a database of many, whereas verification involves matching a sample against a database of one.

7. Fingerprint Processing Stages Scanning: (acquisition, capture) - Optical Method - Semiconductor generated electric field Processing: -Specific image enhancing algorithms – improving the image. -Using Image processing operators to recognize patterns in the image. - all the “patterns” recognized by the operators and constructing a new entity representing the sample this entity can be a collection of the objects from the image. Matching: comparing of the 2 samples two well known matching techniques are Minutiae Point comparison and Correlation (of the grayscale component values). - Minutiae Point - has problem with global pattern of ridges and furrows. - Correlation - requires precise location and affected by image translation and rotation. Decision - match/ non-match result

8. Search Methods for Fingerprint Identification Tree Structure Hashing Using Classification

9. Accuracy and Integrity false negatives are more likely to occur than false positives – good for highly secure system less for a costumer serving type of system. presenting a fake sample – has solutions like measuring temperature, blood-oxygen level, pulse, blood flow, humidity heart rate & temp. Technical problems - dirty scanner.

10. Discussion Point What types of systems really need biometrics as a security systems Dangers in using personal bodily assets: - harming people to get hold of that assets. - forging profs that are court admissable - privacy issues.