1. Gene Expression in Yeast Demitri Dedousis

2. Need increase understanding of gene expression of non- coding regions that control expression Understanding Non coding regions could reveal causes of cancer understand causes of cancer

3. Yeast as a Model Organism eukaryotic genes Four species have been fully sequenced Gene manipulations are simple ( single celled) http://www.rockefeller.edu

4. Microarrays glass microscope slides, silicon chips or nylon membranes fluorescently labeled nucleic acid molecules to find frequencies of certain genes www.molecularstation.com

5. Florescent Markers strains labeled with two different variants of the green florescent protein FP (yellow florescent protein) and CFP (cyan florescent) different yeast strains are cultured and computer assay’s measure abundance of colors and therefore genes https://tools.invitrogen.com

6. Cis-Regulatory Site DNA binding sites of regulatory transcription factors (TFs) typically occur within ~600 bp upstream of genes Transcription factors(proteins) and bind to promoter /Cis Sites Controls gene expression

7. Bibliograpy M.E. Bradley, J.S. Rest, W.S. Li, and N.B. Schwartz. 2008. Sulfate Activation Enzymes: Phylogeny and Association with Pyrophosphatase. Journal of Molecular Evolution..W. Brown, J.S. Rest, J. Garc’a-Moreno, M.D. Sorenson MD, and D.P. Mindell. 2008. Strong mitochondrial DNA support for a Cretaceous origin of modern avian lineages. BMC Biology. 6:6. J.S. Rest and D.P. Mindell. 2003. Retroids in Archaea: phylogeny and lateral origins. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 20: 1134-1142 Qiu, Y.-L., O. Dombrovska, J. H. Lee, L.B. Li, B. A. Whitlock, F. Bernasconi-Quadroni, C. C. Davis, T. Borsch, K. W. Hilu, S. S. Renner, D. E. Soltis, P. S. Soltis, M. J. Zanis, J. J. Cannone, R. R. Gutell, M. Powell, V. Savolainen, L. W. Chatrou, M. W. Chase. 2005. Phylogenetic analyses of basal angiosperms based on nine plastid, mitochondrial, and nuclear genes. International Journal of Plant Science. 166(5): 815-842 Xiankui S., J.M. Fontaine, E.A. Shelden, M.J. Welsh, and R. Benndorf. 2004. Interaction of human HSP22 (HSPB8) with other small heat shock proteins. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279(4):2394-2402. Mindell, D.P.,and L.P. Villarreal. 2004. Viruses and the tree of life. In Cracraft, J. and M. J. Donoghue (eds.), Assembling the Tree of Life. Oxford University Press, New York. (Book Chapter).Rest, J.S. and D.P. Mindell. 2003. SARS associated coronavirus has a recombinant polymerase and coronaviruses have a history of host shifting. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 3: 219-225.Assembling the Tree of Life

8. Bibliography Rest, J.S., J.C. Ast, C.C. Austin, P.J. Waddell, E.A. Tibbetts, J.M. Hay, and D.P. Mindell. 2003. Molecular systematics of Reptilia and the tuatara mitochondrial genome. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 29: 289-297. Liu Y, Shen Y,., Raymond PA, Zack DJ. 2001. Isolation and characterization of a zebrafish homologue of the cone rod homeobox gene. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 42:481-7. Xiankui S., J.M. Fontaine,, E.A. Shelden, M.J. Welsh, and R. Benndorf. 2004. Interaction of human HSP22 (HSPB8) with other small heat shock proteins. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279(4):2394-2402. Mindell, D.P.,, and L.P. Villarreal. 2004. Viruses and the tree of life. In Cracraft, J. and M. J. Donoghue (eds.), Assembling the Tree of Life. Oxford University Press, New York. (Book Chapter).Assembling the Tree of Life Rest, J.S. and D.P. Mindell. 2003. SARS associated coronavirus has a recombinant polymerase and coronaviruses have a history of host shifting. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 3: 219-225.