1. Do active Regions Emerge in a Similar Regime? Valentyna Abramenko Valentyna Abramenko Big Bear Solar Observatory Big Bear Solar Observatory California, USA California, USA avi@bbso.njit.edu avi@bbso.njit.edu

2. Outlook How the majority of active regions emerges How the majority of active regions emerges Peculiar emergence of an active region Peculiar emergence of an active region Compare rates of an ordinary and peculiar ARs Compare rates of an ordinary and peculiar ARs Conclusion: suggestion on the dynamo action Conclusion: suggestion on the dynamo action

3. How the majority of active regions emerge? Dynamo generates the magnetic field near the bottom of the convective zone Dynamo generates the magnetic field near the bottom of the convective zone The field emerges due to buoyancy (and???) during 2-4 months The field emerges due to buoyancy (and???) during 2-4 months Forming oriented active regions on the photosphere Forming oriented active regions on the photosphere PICTURE of Omega –loop emergence

4. Example: ordinary emergence: AR NOAA 9574 Mag-my: fd

5. Example: peculiar emergence: AR NOAA 0798 Magma fd

6. Next rotation: Magma FD 808 so strelochkoi

7. One more rotation: Magma /FD remains so strelochkoi

8. Flux emergence rate: Ordinary AR vs Peculiar AR Flux emergence rate: Ordinary AR vs Peculiar AR 1 - Picture of flux 9574 3 – deriv of flux 9574 2- picture of of flux of 0798 4 - deriv of flux 0798

9. Electric currents rate: Ordinary AR vs Peculiar AR Electric currents rate: Ordinary AR vs Peculiar AR 1 - Picture of deriv flux 9574 2 – deriv of ediss 9574 3- picture of the deriv of flux of 0798 4 - deriv of ediss 0798 (kr tochki) Horizontal Electric Currents: Abramenko, V., 2008, arXiv:0806.1547

10. Magnetic power spectrum rate: Ordinary AR vs Peculiar AR Magnetic power spectrum rate: Ordinary AR vs Peculiar AR 1 - Picture of flux 9574 - tonenko 2 – mu(PS) 9574 3- picture of flux of 0798 tonko 4 - mu(PS) 0798 Magnetic Power Spectrum: Abramenko 2005 ApJ 629

11. Conclusions: suggestion of the dynamo in the subphotospheric layers Y. Fun 2001:

12. Conclusions-2: suggestion of the dynamo in the subphotospheric layers Cattaneo & Emonet 2004: convection (left) in an electrically conducting fluid is capable of dynamo action and generates a highly intermittent magnetic field (right).