1. Office Systems and Technology Chapter 1 Terminology and Basic Concepts of Information Processing Tammy Prater CPS tprater@tamu.edu 845.8069

2. The Information Processing Cycle  Data Origination Online processing Batch processing Source documents  Data Input Batch input Online input  Processing Processing time Central processing unit (CPU)  Storage Kilobytes:1 thousand bytes Megabytes:1 million bytes Gigabytes:1 billion bytes Terabytes:1 trillion bytes Petabyte:1 quadrillion bytes  Data Output  Distribution

3. Information Processing Operations, Modes, and Concepts  Basic Operations Recording  Source Document (manual time cards)  Source Data Automation (online time card) Duplicating Verifying Classifying Sorting Merging Calculating Storing and retrieving Summarizing Report writing

4. Information Processing Operations, Modes, and Concepts, (cont.)  Advantages of Using Computers Speed  Microseconds: one millionth (micro)  Nanoseconds: one billionth (nano)  Picoseconds: one trillionth (pico) Accuracy Consistency Reliability (down time)  Operation Modes Input and output operations Remote access (telecommute) Multiprocessing Multiprogramming (one at a time) Multitasking Online operations Interactive operations Time-sharing Networking

5. Information System Types, Architecture, and Technology Infrastructure  System Types (Six types) Transaction processing systems (TPS) – used for capturing daily transactions  Accounting TPS  Manufacturing TPS  Sales/Marketing TPS  Finance TPS  Human Resources TPS Knowledge work systems (KWS) Office systems (OS)  Word processing and digital filing  Electronic calendars  E-mail and voice mail  Spreadsheets  Presentation Graphics Management information systems (MIS) Decision support system (DSS) Executive support systems (ESS)  Information Architecture The conceptual design of how an organization achieves business processes (applications) and goals.  Information Technology (IT) Infrastructure Computer hardware Software Storage Data management Networks

6. History of Computing  Father of Computers : “The Father of Computers,” Charles Babbage  Early Computers Mark I – Joint effort between Harvard University and IBM Antanasoff-Berry-Computer – John Antanasoff (inventor of the first computer) and Clifford Barry ENIAC – Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator Stored program concept  EDVAC – Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer  EDSAC – Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer

7. History of Computing, (cont.)  The First Business Computer In 1954, General Electric Company became the first private firm to use the UNIVAC I for commercial business data processing.  A New Generation  The First Integrated Circuit  The First Minicomputer  Another Computing Era  The Microprocessor  Microcomputer Evolution The first microcomputer The Apple microcomputer  Graphical User Interface (GUI), introduced by Xerox in 1981 The IBM PC, clones, and MS-DOS  MS-DOS, licensed by Bill Gates

8. History of Computing, (cont.)  ARPANET – In 1969 a U.S. Department of Defense’s Advanced Research Project Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA), sponsored a project to electronically link scientists from two different locations (UCLA and Stanford). In 1990 ARPANET evolved into the Internet.  The World Wide Web (WWW) Internet language – (hypertext markup language [HTML])  Computing in the 21 st Century Changes occur daily

9. Did you know?  Microsoft That as young teenagers Bill Gates and Paul Allen ran a small company called Traf-O-Data and sold a computer to the city of Seattle that could count city traffic?  Gateway Was founded in 1985 in an Iowa farmhouse.  Apple On April Fool's Day, 1976, Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs released the Apple I computer and started Apple Computers.  Dell University of Texas freshman Michael S. Dell began selling IBM- compatible computers from his dorm room in 1984.