1. Writing about Diversity and Social Justice Dr. Laurence Musgrove Associate Professor of English Saint Xavier University Chicago, Illinois

2. More than any other group, middle-class black students show the greatest academic improvement when they aren't trapped in high- poverty schools, according to a Tribune analysis of Illinois test scores. from “Test scores, poverty are entwined” by Jodi S. Cohen and Darnell Little Chicago Tribune, July 4, 2005 1

3. Purpose of Presentation Describe use of service learning in fall 2004 first-year research and writing course on diversity and social justice

4. In elementary schools where fewer than half the students are low-income, nearly 62 percent of middle-class black students passed last year's state reading test. That's nearly 12 percentage points higher than how they fared in predominantly poor schools. No other group of students -- whites, Hispanics or low-income blacks -- posted as great an improvement, the analysis showed. 2

5. Description of Course Honors English First-Year Writing Focus on Writing Research Topic: Diversity and Social Justice Interdisciplinary Three Writing Assignments Individual Diversity Gender and Sexuality Race, Class, Education Service Learning Experience

6. But few black children have the option of attending a low-poverty school. In Illinois, three out of every four black students are enrolled in schools where most children are poor. 3

7. Selected Learning Objectives Understand the concept of diversity and its value in personal and public life Understand the connections between race, class, and literacy Understand the value of personality type Understand the concept of culture

8. Educators say the high concentration of black students in poor schools is one of the biggest barriers to closing the stubborn gap in test scores between white and African-American students, an issue at the forefront of national education reforms. 4

9. Purpose of Service Learning Experience Provide students with real “text” that supports learning objectives of course Provide students with “counter-cultural” experiences Make visible influence of “class” discrimination in U.S. education

10. There are few middle-class black neighborhoods large enough to support an entire school, leaving most black families in the state, regardless of income, in schools with high percentages of low-income students. About 73 percent of the state's black students last year attended predominantly low-income schools, compared with 10 percent of white students. 5

11. Research Project 3 Race, Class, Education, and Social Justice Honors English Seminar Saint Xavier University

12. Not surprisingly, the trend extends beyond Illinois. Nationwide, more than 60 percent of black and Hispanic students attend high-poverty schools -- where more than 50 percent of students qualify for a free or reduced-price lunch -- compared with 30 percent of Asians and 18 percent of whites, according to the Civil Rights Project at Harvard University. 6

13. Service Learning Assignment Tour Two Public Elementary Schools Both Predominately African-American Class Differences Honors English Seminar Saint Xavier University

14. Many experts believe that most high-poverty schools in Illinois have subpar test results in part because the schools lack resources to deal with the problems that accrue when poor children are clustered together. 7

15. Service Learning Assignment Tutor elementary students in each school on short math or writing assignment Honors English Seminar Saint Xavier University

16. These schools typically struggle with higher mobility rates and the difficulties that come when children have unstable home lives. Students may have untreated health issues such as asthma, behavioral problems and other challenges that can make it harder to learn for all children, even those from wealthier families. 8

17. Results Some students still failed to get beyond issues of race Administration at one school had trouble finding time for tutoring Some students resented assignment Some students thought experience was limited Some students better understood class influence on literacy Honors English Seminar Saint Xavier University

18. Conversely, minority students in low-poverty schools are exposed to higher expectations from peers and teachers, less student and staff turnover, and greater academic competition, often pushed by parents determined to see them succeed, according to education experts. 9

19. Revisions Increased attention to “privilege” Better highlight issue of “education as social equalizer” Focus on one school Evaluations from teacher and students Honors English Seminar Saint Xavier University