1. From gene to protein DNAPhenotype RNA ReplicationTranscription *Transcription Translation *Translation *Gene The flow of information: 1. Storage 2. Replication 3. Expression DNA as the Genetic Material Protein 2. Replication

2. Review nucleotide structure:

3. Structural analysis of DNA

4. DNA Replication and Synthesis Complementarity ”It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism … “ Mode of DNA Replication Semiconservative

5. *Overview: DNA replication *Complementarity determines which nucleotide will be added *Chain elongation in a 5’-to-3’ direction

6. Initiation *Primase *Strands must separate Helicases SSBPs DNA gyrase *Two strands of a double helix are antiparallel Continuous DNA synthesis = leading Discontinuous DNA synthesis = lagging

7. A large team of enzymes carry out DNA replication: Helicases SSBPs DNA gyrase Elongation: Association of polymerase Sliding clamp Primase DNA synthesis (DNA pol) Primer removal and replacement (DNA pol) Ligase closes the gaps

8. The Molecular Basis of Heredity

9. The Flow of Genetic Information in the Cell

10. The Genetic Code