1. Lectures in Microeconomics-Charles W. Upton Applying Demand Functions

2. Imposing a Tax D S Price Consumers Pay Q PoPo QoQo

3. Applying Demand Functions Imposing a Tax A tax $t is levied on sales of a product D S Price Consumers Pay Q PoPo QoQo

4. Applying Demand Functions Imposing a Tax The supply curve shifts up by $t. –Why? The price suppliers get is $t less than consumers pay D S Price Consumers Pay Q PoPo QoQo $t

5. Applying Demand Functions What Happens Quantity sold drops D S Price Consumers Pay Q PoPo QoQo $t P1P1 P 1 -$t Q1Q1

6. Applying Demand Functions What Happens Quantity sold drops The price suppliers gets decreases. D S Price Consumers Pay Q PoPo QoQo $t P1P1 P 1 -$t Q1Q1

7. Applying Demand Functions What Happens Quantity sold drops The price suppliers gets decreases. The price consumers pay, tax included, rises. D S Price Consumers Pay Q PoPo QoQo $t P1P1 P 1 -$t Q1Q1

8. Applying Demand Functions Suppose Consumers Pay A tax $t is levied on purchases of a product D Price Consumers Pay Q PoPo QoQo S

9. Applying Demand Functions Suppose Consumers Pay A tax $t is levied on purchases The curve shifts down by $t. –The price consumers pay is $t more, tax included D Price Consumers Pay Q PoPo QoQo S $t

10. Applying Demand Functions Suppose Consumers Pay A tax $t is levied on purchases The quantity sold drops. D Price Consumers Pay Q PoPo QoQo S $t Q1Q1 P 1 +$t P1P1

11. Applying Demand Functions Suppose Consumers Pay A tax $t is levied on purchases The quantity sold drops. The price suppliers get decreases D Price Consumers Pay Q PoPo QoQo S $t Q1Q1 P 1 +$t P1P1

12. Applying Demand Functions Suppose Consumers Pay A tax $t is levied on purchases The quantity sold drops. The price suppliers get decreases D Price Consumers Pay Q PoPo QoQo S $t Q1Q1 P 1 +$t P1P1 The price consumers pay, tax included, increases

13. Applying Demand Functions Compare the two cases Does it make a difference? D S Price Consumers Pay Q PoPo QoQo S $t Q1Q1 PcPc PsPs

14. Applying Demand Functions Compare the two cases Does it make a difference? Lets combine the two effects D S Price Consumers Pay Q PoPo QoQo S $t Q1Q1 PcPc PsPs

15. Applying Demand Functions Compare the two cases Does it make a difference? Lets combine the two effects D S Price Consumers Pay Q PoPo QoQo S $t Q1Q1 PcPc PsPs Shift in supply and demand curves is the same, $t

16. Applying Demand Functions Compare the two cases Does it make a difference? Lets combine the two effects D S Price Consumers Pay Q PoPo QoQo S $t Q1Q1 PcPc PsPs Quantity Sold is the Same

17. Applying Demand Functions Compare the two cases Does it make a difference? Lets combine the two effects D S Price Consumers Pay Q PoPo QoQo S $t Q1Q1 PcPc PsPs Net price to suppliers is the same

18. Applying Demand Functions Compare the two cases Does it make a difference? Lets combine the two effects D S Price Consumers Pay Q PoPo QoQo S $t Q1Q1 PcPc PsPs Price to consumers is the same

19. Applying Demand Functions Conclusion The incidence of a tax is independent of who actually pays the tax. The actual split between demanders and suppliers depends on the slope of the supply and demand curves, not the legalities.

20. Applying Demand Functions An Old Problem The City of Kent is planning a tax on automobile sales. One plan would levy the tax on dealers, the other on customers. Which will have the greater effect on sales?

21. Applying Demand Functions An Old Problem The City of Kent is planning a tax on automobile sales. One plan would levy the tax on dealers, the other on customers. Which will have the greater effect on sales? There is a difference? (Actually No)

22. Applying Demand Functions End ©2004 Charles W. Upton