1. Wumpus World Code There is extra information stored to facilitate modification

2. main.pro Clear the data base % Write a string and a list, followed by a newline. format(S,L):- write(S), write(L), nl. % GAME begins here. play :- initialize_general, format("the game is begun.",[]), description_total, retractall(is_situation(_,_,_,_,_)), time(T),agent_location(L),agent_orientation(O), assert(is_situation(T,L,O,[],i_know_nothing)), write("I'm conquering the World Ah!Ah!..."),nl, step. Clear the data base Fairly crude IO

3. step :- % One move for healthy agent who is in cave agent_healthy, agent_in_cave, is_nb_visited,% count the number of rooms visited agent_location(L), retractall(is_visited(L)), assert(is_visited(L)), description,% display a short summary of my state make_percept_sentence(Percept),% I perceive... format("I feel ",[Percept]), tell_KB(Percept),% I learn...(infer) ask_KB(Action), format("I'm doing : ",[Action]), apply(Action),% I do... short_goal(SG),% the goal of my current action time(T),% Time update New_T is T+1, retractall(time(_)), assert(time(New_T)), agent_orientation(O), assert(is_situation(New_T,L,O,Percept,SG)), % we keep in memory to check : % time, agent_location, agent_Orientation,perception, short_goal. step, !. Looks up what you are trying to do Ask knowledge base what it should do AND do it.

4. % Final move if dead or out of the cave % NOTE: we get here if the first version of step cannot be satisfied. step :- format("the game is finished.~n",[]), % either dead or out the cave agent_score(S), time(T), New_S is S - T, retractall(agent_score(_)), assert(agent_score(New_S)), description_total, the_end(MARK), display(MARK). Note how we update global variables. Prints summary

5. decl.pro initialize_land(map0):- retractall(land_extent(_)), retractall(wumpus_location(_)), retractall(wumpus_healthy), retractall(gold_location(_)), retractall(pit_location(_)), assert(land_extent(5)), assert(wumpus_location([3,2])), assert(wumpus_healthy), assert(gold_location([2,3])), assert(pit_location([3,3])), assert(pit_location([4,4])), assert(pit_location([3,1])).

6. initialize agent initialize_agent(agent0):- retractall(agent_location(_)), … assert(agent_location([1,1])), assert(agent_orientation(0)), assert(agent_healthy), assert(agent_arrows(1)), assert(agent_goal(find_out)), assert(agent_score(0)), assert(agent_in_cave).

7. other initialization initialize_general :- initialize_land(map0),% NOTE: Which map you wish initialize_agent(agent0), retractall(time(_)), assert(time(0)), retractall(nb_visited(_)), assert(nb_visited(0)), retractall(score_agent_dead(_)), assert(score_agent_dead(10000)), retractall(score_climb_with_gold(_)), assert(score_climb_with_gold(1000)), retractall(score_grab(_)), assert(score_grab(0)), retractall(score_wumpus_dead(_)), assert(score_wumpus_dead(0)), retractall(is_situation(_,_,_,_,_)), retractall(short_goal(_)).

8. perc.pro make_percept_sentence([Stench,Breeze,Glitter,Bump,Scream]) :- stenchy(Stench), breezy(Breeze), glittering(Glitter), bumped(Bump), heardscream(Scream). stenchy(yes) :- wumpus_location(L1), agent_location(L2), adjacent(L1,L2), !. stenchy(no). The system knows the wumpus location. It had BETTER be adjacent to where you are, or you will fail. KB check.

9. Similar KB check for glittering glittering(yes) :- agent_location(L), gold_location(L), !. glittering(no). Looking up agent_location

10. disp.pro (display) Displays state info agent_healthy_state(perfect_health) :- agent_healthy, agent_courage, !. agent_healthy_state(a_little_tired_but_alive) :- agent_healthy, !. agent_healthy_state(dead). Performs a series of actions

11. the_end('=) Pfftt too easy') :- no(agent_in_cave), agent_hold, no(is_dead), !. Called by: the_end(MARK), display(MARK). display does io Can convert from infix to prefix

12. % A location is estimated thanks to... good, medium, risky, deadly. good(L) :-% a wall can be a good room !!! is_wumpus(no,L), is_pit(no,L), no(is_visited(L)). medium(L) :- % Obviously if is_visited(L) -> is_visited(L).% is_wumpus(no,L) and is_pit(no,L) risky(L) :- no(deadly(L)). deadly(L) :- is_wumpus(yes,L), is_pit(yes,L), no(is_visited(L)). More.pro – I’m not sure if want a wall to be a good room – or it just happens

13. agent_courage seems to reflect on time spent searching agent_courage :-% we could compute nb_visited / max_room_to_visit time(T),% time nb_visited(N),% number of visted room land_extent(LE),% size of the land E is LE * LE, % maximum of room to visit NPLUSE is E * 2, less_equal(T,NPLUSE).

14. Computes next location based on orientation location_toward([X,Y],0,[New_X,Y]) :- New_X is X+1. location_toward([X,Y],90,[X,New_Y]) :- New_Y is Y+1. location_toward([X,Y],180,[New_X,Y]) :- New_X is X-1. location_toward([X,Y],270,[X,New_Y]) :- New_Y is Y-1

15. Note the use of !, fail to prohibit trying other choices. no(P) :- P, !, fail. no(P)

16. tell.pro – updates KB tell_KB([Stench,Breeze,Glitter,yes,Scream]) :- add_wall_KB(yes),!. tell_KB([Stench,Breeze,Glitter,Bump,Scream]) :- %agent_location(L),% update only if unknown could be great %no(is_visited(L)),% but the wumpus dead changes : percept add_wumpus_KB(Stench), add_pit_KB(Breeze), add_gold_KB(Glitter), add_scream_KB(Scream). Allows options of having walls other than at borders

17. There was no stench add_wumpus_KB(no) :- agent_location(L1), assume_wumpus(no,L1), % I'm not in a wumpus place location_toward(L1,0,L2),% I'm sure there are no Wumpus in assume_wumpus(no,L2),% each adjacent room. >=P location_toward(L1,90,L3), assume_wumpus(no,L3), location_toward(L1,180,L4), assume_wumpus(no,L4), location_toward(L1,270,L5), assume_wumpus(no,L5), !.

18. There was a stench add_wumpus_KB(yes) :- agent_location(L1),% I don't know if I'm in a wumpus place location_toward(L1,0,L2),% And It's possible there is a Wumpus in assume_wumpus(yes,L2),% each adjacent room. <=| location_toward(L1,90,L3), assume_wumpus(yes,L3), location_toward(L1,180,L4), assume_wumpus(yes,L4), location_toward(L1,270,L5), assume_wumpus(yes,L5). But you came from one direction, so how does knowing no wumpus compare with possible wumpus?

19. % Don't allow a "possible" wumpus to override a "no wumpus" assume_wumpus(yes,L) :- % before I knew there is no Wumpus, is_wumpus(no,L),% so Wumpus can't be now... =) !. assume_wumpus(yes,L) :- wall(L),% Wumpus can't be in a wall retractall(is_wumpus(_,L)), assert(is_wumpus(no,L)), !. assume_wumpus(yes,L) :- wumpus_healthy,% so... retractall(is_wumpus(_,L)), assert(is_wumpus(yes,L)), !. assume_wumpus(yes,L) :- retractall(is_wumpus(_,L)), assert(is_wumpus(no,L)).% because Wumpus is dead >=] We think there is a wumpus. We treat is as truth until proven otherwise

20. exec.pro – carry out result of action apply(grab) :- agent_score(S),% get my current score score_grab(SG),% get value of grabbing New_S is S + SG, retractall(agent_score(S)), assert(agent_score(New_S)), % reset score retractall(gold_location(_)),% no more gold at this place retractall(is_gold(_)),% The gold is with me! assert(agent_hold),% money, money, :P retractall(agent_goal(_)), assert(agent_goal(go_out)),% Now I want to go home format("Give me the money >=}...",[]), !.

21. If miss wumpus, update facts… % Wumpus is missed % there are several shoot options. % this one occurs after we know we didn’t hit apply(shoot) :- format("Ouchh, I fail Grrrr >=}...",[]), retractall(agent_arrows(_)),% I can infer some information !!! assert(agent_arrows(0)), agent_location([X,Y]),% I can assume that Wumpus... location_ahead([X,NY]), is_wumpus(yes,[X,WY]), retractall(is_wumpus(yes,[X,WY])), assert(is_wumpus(no,[X,WY])),%...is not in the supposed room. !

22. ask.pro – ask KB for advice ask_KB(Action) :- make_action_query(Strategy,Action). make_action_query(Strategy,Action) :- act(strategy_reflex,Action),!. make_action_query(Strategy,Action) :- act(strategy_find_out,Action),!. make_action_query(Strategy,Action) :- act(strategy_go_out,Action),! act(strategy_reflex,die) :- agent_healthy, wumpus_healthy, agent_location(L), wumpus_location(L), is_short_goal(die_wumpus), !. act(strategy_reflex,die) :- agent_healthy, agent_location(L), pit_location(L), is_short_goal(die_pit), !. Notice our order for actions, first reflex, then find goal, then get out

23. act(strategy_reflex,shoot) :-% I shoot Wumpus only if I think agent_arrows(1),% that we are in the same X agent_location([X,Y]),% it means I assume Wumpus and me location_ahead([X,NY]), is_wumpus(yes,[X,WY]),% are in the same column dist(NY,WY,R1),% And If I don't give him my back... dist(Y,WY,R2),% If I'm in the good orientation less_equal(R1,R2),% to shoot him... HE!HE! is_short_goal(shoot_forward_in_the_same_X), !.

24. act(strategy_find_out,forward) :- agent_goal(find_out), agent_courage, good(_),% I'm interested by a good room somewhere location_ahead(L), good(L),% the room in front of me. no(is_wall(L)), is_short_goal(find_out_forward_good_good), !. act(strategy_find_out,turnleft) :- agent_goal(find_out), agent_courage, good(_),% I'm interested,... agent_orientation(O), Planned_O is (O+90) mod 360, agent_location(L), location_toward(L,Planned_O,Planned_L), good(Planned_L),% directly by my left side. no(is_wall(Planned_L)), is_short_goal(find_out_turnleft_good_good), ! find_out means find out where the gold is. Thus, you proceed if finding the gold is your goal and you have enough time to do it. Are there any good rooms known?

25. more.pro shows what is_short_goal is // Here you set a short goal //The short_goal is stored so planning steps // know what the next goal is. // It doesn’t appear it is used at // this point. is_short_goal(X) :- retractall(short_goal(_)), assert(short_goal(X)).