1. DEBUT
Digital Experience Building in University Teaching
Lessons learnt from a digital literacy staff development programme
Su Westerman Lynne Graham-Matheson Wayne Barry
Learning and Teaching Enhancement Unit (LTEU)

2. The future is here. It’s just not widely distributed yet.“
The future is here. It’s just not widely distributed yet. ”
William Gibson

3. What is DEBUT?
DEBUT was an HEA Pathfinder funded project which piloted a staff development approach which recognised the individual needs of academics and explored a range of different staff development methodologies.
The project piloted a personalised, contextualised, and intensive approach to developing digital literacy in staff based on the individual context and needs of a group of 25 staff.

4. Why DEBUT?
Involvement in HEA Benchmarking exercise showed widespread use of the VLE in the institution but few examples of creative practice, or use of other digital tools.
Systems-based staff development on different tools was not resulting in incremental gains in staff confidence in using digital tools. Meanwhile the range of digital tools, and their uses by students was rapidly increasing. Also, the locus of expertise within the institution was very much centred on the Learning Technology Team. This was not sustainable.
To develop our use of learning technologies in a more sustainable way, we needed to explore new approaches which developed the digital confidence levels of staff rather than their skills on particular systems, better enabling them to exploit the continual developments in digital technologies.
Not digital immigrants, but not comfortable and so not creative
One at a time wasnt working – no incremental increase
Digital literacy - DigEULit

5. Why DEBUT? The aims of DEBUT were:
To explore how the LTEU and educational developers in the sector, could best deliver and support a digital literacy development programme which enables staff within HE to feel more confident and more able to exploit a range of digital tools in learning and teaching.
To help LTEU and other educational developers gain a better understanding of approaches and methodologies that best aid the development of digital literacy levels in HE staff.
Not digital immigrants, but not comfortable and so not creative
One at a time wasnt working – no incremental increase
Digital literacy - DigEULit
To inform the University and the sector about the benefits and challenges involved in delivering contextualised or situated staff development.

6. The key elements of DEBUT
Expressions of interest were sought across the University. Twenty-five staff were accepted onto the project. Participants were representative of the academic and demographic profile of the institution, whilst having very different levels of digital literacy. Participants were asked to rank their digital literacy levels at the outset and end of the project.
A wide choice of digital tools (23) were offered to participants from which they needed undertake a minimum of six, to gain a range of digital experiences. Some tools were standard University technologies, some were external web2-type tools and others were technologies new to the institution such as podcasting.
Participants were helped in selecting tools which had meaning for them and suited their context through a demonstration and individual interviews. They were then asked to evaluate each experience.
Although the project was open to all members of staff, we only had one member of the support staff. The DEBUT applicants were characterised by an awareness of rapidly developing technology and a need to build their skill and confidence levels, and their desire to learn new ways of supporting learning and working with technology.
To help participants select their choice of tools we organised sessions where all the tools were demonstrated and provided participants with a booklet, also in CD-Rom form, giving further details of each tool. Each participant also had an individual interview to discuss their digital experience, their attitudes to and use of technologies, their professional situation and needs – their context. This interview was conducted by a project mentor, whose intended role was also to act as a point of support and contact through e-portfolios kept by participants. It was stressed that the choice of tools could stem from personal interest as well as professional, and that participants were not expected to immediately apply anything they learned to their practice. We felt it was important that participants worked with tools which had some interest and meaning for them, rather than those which they felt they should know about, and to provide a ‘safe environment’ in which staff could experiment and learn.
The tools were supported by a variety of staff development approaches (including workshop, 1:1 and self-directed) and each tool was offered between one and three times over the ten months of the project, depending on its popularity.

7. A bit about digital literacy
Our interest in the concept of digital literacy comes from the work of Allan Martin and colleagues on the DigEULit project. The project developed the following definition of digital literacy:
“Digital literacy is the awareness, attitude and ability of individuals to appropriately use digital tools and facilities to identify, access, manage, integrate, evaluate, analyse and synthesise digital resources, construct new knowledge, create media expressions, and communicate with others, in the context of specific life situations, in order to enable constructive social action, and to reflect upon this process”.
Martin suggests that digital literacy is cultural rather than technological and is socially located. There is no ‘one size fits all’ e-literacy and it is dynamic – the needs of individuals or groups will change as their situation and environment change.
Debut used these concepts to build the basis of our project
(DigEuLit project)

8. A bit about digital literacy
Martin suggests that for the individual, e-literacy consists of five elements:  
awareness of the IT and information environment
confidence in using generic IT and information tools
evaluation of information-handling operations and products;
reflection on one’s own e-literacy development
adaptability and willingness to meet e-literacy challenges.
The DEBUT project used these elements to construct the digital literacy scale on which participants could position themselves, from 1 (complete beginner) through to 5 (expert), at the beginning and end of the project.
(DigEuLit project)

9. Lessons learned and findings to share
The key indicator of DEBUT’s success was evidence of a marked increase in the digital literacy levels of the participants. All but the most experienced had made progress on their digital journey, very significant progress in a number of cases.
Participants commented on the increase in their ability and confidence not only with the tools they had experienced as part of DEBUT, but with digital tools generally.
Many participants also immediately integrated the use of their chosen tools into their practice.

10. Lessons learned and findings to share
Key success factors quoted by participants were:
The awareness raising events at the outset of the programme
Contextualised staff development
The opportunity to explore a range of digital tools
Exploring these tools intensely within a short time frame
The support provided
The opportunity to share practice
The most favoured staff development approach was group sessions where homework was given and a follow-up session enabling the opportunity to learn from others was provided.
Evidence from DEBUT highlights the benefits of contextualised staff development – the opportunity for participants to choose the tools they worked on, depending on their own needs and context, was a key success factor.
For most participants experiencing a range of tools within a short time frame was instrumental in this, although a small number would have preferred to have more time between tool experiences to consolidate their learning.
The form of staff development support which received the most positive feedback was a group workshop or demonstration where a task or ‘homework’ was given, followed up by a one-to-one or small group coaching session. This form of staff development enabled participants to ‘play’ with a tool and see its benefits for them, followed by highly personalised support with the opportunity to share practice and learn from others. One comment was “People from different disciplines approached it in a totally different way. It was quite amazing and very interesting to see what they were doing.” The ‘homework’ element acted as a motivator and the follow-up session reinforced learning, producing a positive experience with technology which really helped build confidence. One participant said ‘The thing that has been most useful in terms of the training I have had has been a fairly immediate follow-up session where I have been forced into doing something and forced into putting it into practice.

11. Lessons learned and findings to share
Some comments from the DEBUTANTS:
“It has widened my understanding broadly of the possibilities that could be used for personal, professional or educational development”.
“I now feel much more confident ... if I just fiddle around then something will come up and at the end I can just get rid of it and unfiddle it. Before I was so petrified about ... I don’t know ... it not working out”.
“It has made it very clear in my mind what I can see myself using or what I can see the value of”.
“It has been interesting to integrate the different digital tools. I have used pictures from Flickr and updated the reference lists used at the end of the [Powerpoint] presentations using Refworks.”
“You wouldn’t believe how much my IT skills have developed. Now I feel I can press buttons on my computer and it won’t break”.
There was one important issue with workshops and working in small groups. When a group was of mixed digital ability this could be an issue for those at both ends of the ability scale – the more advanced wanted to move ahead, and the less confident felt, as one participant put it, “inferior and insecure”.
One aspect of DEBUT that did not turn out as we had anticipated was the use of the project mentor, a teaching fellow. All the participants valued the opportunity to talk during their interviews at the beginning and in the middle of the project but none of them contacted her with any problems or queries during the project – they wanted technical support, and contacted a learning technologist.
A barrier to staff developing their digital skills was time, or lack of time to attend sessions or try things out and consolidate their learning. Participants felt they could have made more progress if they had had more time, but interestingly their feelings of responsibility for their students’ learning meant that they did not want to be released from current teaching commitments but wanted acknowledgement of the time needed for staff development.
Access to equipment was a problem for some of the participants. There were a few instances where software could not be installed on their computers at an appropriate time. Lack of access to mobile devices was an access factor that many participants commented on – with increased mobile working staff want technology that they can use not only on campus but from home, on the road and from partner organisations.

12. Lessons learned and findings to share
Key issues:
Mixed ability groups could be an issue
Relationships built on expertise and trust
Time available to spend on staff development
Easy access to appropriate technologies
The findings from DEBUT present a challenge: in developing digital literacy skills staff clearly value a contextualised and personalised approach, with follow-up sessions and support through people contact. The issue for institutions is how this can be delivered in a manageable and sustainable way.
There was one important issue with workshops and working in small groups. When a group was of mixed digital ability this could be an issue for those at both ends of the ability scale – the more advanced wanted to move ahead, and the less confident felt, as one participant put it, “inferior and insecure”.
One aspect of DEBUT that did not turn out as we had anticipated was the use of the project mentor, a teaching fellow. All the participants valued the opportunity to talk during their interviews at the beginning and in the middle of the project but none of them contacted her with any problems or queries during the project – they wanted technical support, and contacted a learning technologist.
A barrier to staff developing their digital skills was time, or lack of time to attend sessions or try things out and consolidate their learning. Participants felt they could have made more progress if they had had more time, but interestingly their feelings of responsibility for their students’ learning meant that they did not want to be released from current teaching commitments but wanted acknowledgement of the time needed for staff development.
Access to equipment was a problem for some of the participants. There were a few instances where software could not be installed on their computers at an appropriate time. Lack of access to mobile devices was an access factor that many participants commented on – with increased mobile working staff want technology that they can use not only on campus but from home, on the road and from partner organisations.

13. Moving forward
The positive outcomes from the project have led to the University committing to DEBUT being embedded as a annual programme which takes account of the lessons learned in year one of the programme. Cohort two began in June 2008.
The aims for the next year of DEBUT are to work with a new cohort of participants to further evaluate and enhance the approach.
Taking lessons learnt from the initial pilot we are:
Asking participants to explicitly think how they can link DEBUT to their current work.
Providing more group activities with follow-ups to enable sharing of practice.
Building in more activities to allow for differentiation.

14. Moving forward
We will also be working with year one participants to enable a longitudinal study of the impact on the student experience resulting from the first year of DEBUT.
We see DEBUT as a key element in the drive to build institutional e-capacity, to foster a community of digitally confident staff who can exploit technologies for themselves and, alongside the LTEU, support colleagues.

15. Any questions about DEBUT?
For further information please contact:
Su Westerman
Learning Technology Coordinator and DEBUT Programme Manager
Alternatively go to: