1. Student Question Study Guide Study guide for the questions submitted by students that will be on the final exam. The following are the slides covering the information from the student presentations you’ll be tested on.

2. Relationship Between PA & Pain Soreness and injury are related to physical activity but can be prevented People who are physically active tend to have a stronger pain tolerance Physical activity has been proven to reduce chronic pain

3. Current Research Studies and Interventions cont. (PA and Physical Environment Group II) Rails-to-Trails –Founded in 1986 –Purpose was to build a nation wide network of trails from former rail lines to create healthy places for healthy people –More than 100,000 members and supporters

4. Physical Self and Physical Activity Relationships in College Women: Does Social Physique Anxiety Moderate Effects? (PA & Anxiety) Study 354 female students Social Physique Activity Scale (SPAS) Physical Self-Perceptions Profile Self-Administered 7-Day Physical Activity Recall (PAR) Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire (LTEQ) Evidence shows that social physique anxiety may be associated with choice of activities, reasons for participating in P.A., preferred physical activity settings, and the level of involvement in P.A. Those who scored higher in social physique anxiety preferred fitness-type activities (weight machines, running) rather than individual or team sports. Concluded that there was no support for the hypothesis that social physique anxiety would moderate the relationship between the physical self- perceptions and physical activity

5. Social Factors of Physical Activity Social Factors – class size – exercise models – group cohesion –physician influence –social support from friends, peers, spouse, and family

6. Bulimia Nervosa (Eating Disorders and PA) Secretive excessive eating followed by inappropriate weight control such as: -Self-induced vomiting -Abuse of Laxatives and Diuretics -Excessive Exercise

7. Introduction, cont Physical environment is correlated with physical activity –Access to facilities –Climate –Sidewalks –Parks –Home equipment –Neighborhood safety

8. Intervention (PA and Body Image) Purpose: To combine physical and mental aspects to positively affect body image Target Audience: college-aged females; 18-25 years; aiming for 50 participants Length: 1 college semester; approximately 17 weeks Recruit: via Collegian, flyers in union and buildings, posters at rec etc. Measures: PAR-Q; 2 subscales of the Eating Disorder Inventory: Drive for Thinness and Body Dissatisfaction; 7- day Physical Activity Recall (PAR) interview; individual logs

9. Percentage of Schools that require physical education, by grade

10. Stress and Physical Activity Stress has been positively correlated as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (high blood pressure), psychological disorders (depression), and inversely related to immune system strength. Physical activity has been inversely correlated with stress in an individual.

11. Current Research (Motivational Theories)  What researchers found:  The subjects that were extrinsically motivated by the counselor had high adherence rates at the beginning of the program. However, after a few weeks, their rates declined.  The subjects that were intrinsically motivated by the computer maintained the exercise program much longer.

12. Exercise Dependence Research Physiological Research B-endorphin research studies examine the effect, if any, these compounds have on exercise dependency Research breakthrough? Mice craving exercise behavior (food, drug, sex) was also activated in mice following exercise deprivation.

13. Recommendations for Training (Overtraining) The best way to treat overtraining in athletes is to prevent it Research shows that periodisation training methods are most effective from a physical and mental standpoint Treatment Rest – 6-12 weeks Periodisation Training

14. Creative Intervention (Holistic Health group) Intervention: –Randomly selected into a control group or yoga intervention group –Each group will receive a SF-36 Health Questionnaire at baseline, at 2 months and at the completion of the intervention –Intervention group will attend a 1 hour yoga class 2 times a week for a 4 month semester –The control group will receive supplemental general health pamphlets.

16. Muscle Dysmorphia or Bigorexia (Male Eating Disorders and PA) Males are excessively “bulking up”, working out, and weight lifting to improve the size and shape of their bodies. They are focusing on being “too small.” Behavioral characteristics: Steroid use, excessive nutritional supplements, excessive performance enhancement products, and compulsive exercise repetition to attain goals. Psychological characteristics: Extreme mood changes, compulsive behavior, extreme interest in exercise, and depression. Health complications: Cardiac arrest, tissue and muscle damage, mental confusion, and aggressive tendencies.

17. PA and Mood Intervention: Improved mood of elderly persons in Riley County Processes cont. 2. Measure current PA levels and mood states. -Administer Seven day recall -Administer POMS