1. January 11, 2007 Global Design Effort 1 Beam Delivery System / Machine Detector Interface BDS Area leaders Deepa Angal-Kalinin, Andrei Seryi, Hitoshi Yamamoto ILC MAC meeting, January 10-12, 2007

2. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 2 BDS design optimization and evolution Vancouver => MAC(Sep06) => Valencia => MAC(Jan07) Configuration changes (CCRs) after Vancouver –Baseline configuration to 14/14, single collider hall –5m muon walls instead of 9+18m – CCR approved 23 rd Sep –On surface detector assembly – CCR approved 2 nd Nov Evaluations by WWS, MDI panels & CCB MAC (Sep 06) Further cost optimizations studies –Shorter BDS and shorter extraction lines Several optics versions proposed, extraction lines shortened –Single IR – evaluation of push-pull Task force charged to report at Valencia CCR submitted 19 th Nov, on 23 rd Dec CCB issued recommendation for the EC to approve the CCR. The EC approved it last Thursday

3. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 3 Vancouver baseline to Valencia baseline 20mr IR 2mr IR FF E-collim.  -collim. Diagnostics BSY tune-up dump Two collider halls separated longitudinally by 138m 14mr IR One collider hall Vancouver baseline Valencia baseline

4. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 4 Valencia 14/14 baseline. Conceptual CFS layout IP2 IP1 10m 1km beam dump service hall alcoves 9m shaft for BDS access polarimeter laser borehole muon wall tunnel widening

5. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 5 CFS designs for two IRs Valencia Vancouver

6. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 6 beam dump service hall alcoves 9m shaft for BDS access & service hall beam dump and its shield muon wall tunnel widening Beam Delivery System tunnels

7. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 7 Muon walls Baseline configuration: 18m and 9m walls in each beamline Scheme of a muon wall installed in a tunnel widening which provides passage around the wall Purpose: –Personnel Protection: Limit dose rates in one IR when beam sent to other IR or to the tune-up beam dump –Physics: Reduce the muon background in the detectors

8. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 8 5m muon walls instead of 9+18m Reduction of 18m muon spoilers to 5m and elimination of 9m muon spoilers – CCR submitted 8 th September Considered that –The estimation of 0.1% beam halo population is conservative and such high amount is not supported by any simulations –The minimum muon wall required for personnel protection is 5m –Detector can tolerate higher muon flux –Cost of long muon spoilers is substantial, dominated by material cost and thus approximately proportional to the muon wall length The caverns will be built for full length walls, allowing upgrade if higher muons flux would be measured MDI panel accepted this change CCB approved this request on 23 rd September; contingent upon continuation of detailed detector studies to ensure that the occupancy due to muons does not affect the high precision physics measurements

9. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 9 CMS assembly approach Assembled on the surface in parallel with underground work Allows pre-commissioning before lowering Lowering using dedicated heavy lifting equipment Potential for big time saving Reduces size of required underground hall On-surface assembly : CMS approach

10. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 10 On-surface detector assembly CCR According to tentative CF&S schedule worked out by M. Gastal, CERN, the detector hall is ready for detector assembly after 4y11m after project start –If so, cannot fit into the goal of “7years until first beam” and “8years until physics run” Surface assembly allows to save 2-2.5 years and allows to fit into this goal –The collider hall size may be smaller (~40-50%) in this case –A building on surface is needed, but savings may be still substantial Discussing possible variations : –pure CMS assembly (config B) –modified CMS assembly (config A) Assemble smaller (than CMS) pieces on surface, lower down and perform final assembly underground May affect schedule (?), but preliminary looks by a small bit less expensive than “B” The change request not intended to specify all the details for the schedule, hall sizes, capacity of cranes etc. –Such optimisation is being done in details by BDS, CF&S and Detector concept groups. CCB approved this CCR on 2 nd November.

11. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 11 CERN LHC-ILC engineering forum Participation by MDI members (Oct. 12,13) Tour of ATLAS, CMS and ALICE Presentations on: –Radiation protection issues –CMS services –ATLAS installation –CMS installation + infrastructure –ILC MDI :present status and understanding – H. Yamamoto and A. Seryi –Assembly and installation of an ILC detector – N. Meyners Extremely useful information from CERN colleagues based on real experience.

12. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 12 Optimizing the design and tweaking it to understand its position w.r.to the optimum Since Vancouver, incorporated other cost saving changes –redesigned tail folding octupoles, final doublet, refined vacuum requirements, redesigned CFS tunnels, changed design of water and air cooling systems, decimated bends, removed any spares and overheads, scrutinized all tech area for cost savings, etc. Other design optimization studies that were performed, but were not included, as not giving performance improvement and/or cost savings –studied shorter BDS or its subsystems –studied lowering power of tune-up dumps –studied replacing magnetized “muon walls” with magnetized muon doughnuts

13. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 13 Single IR questions GDE suggested evaluation of push-pull at the end of September. Questions to be evaluated –Organizational and historical questions –Accelerator design questions –Detector design questions –Engineering integration questions Detailed list of questions to be studied developed: Technical evaluation of push-pull option by an extended task force, which include more than 60 detector and accelerator experts from ILC community and beyond. Detailed summary presented at Valencia. Conclusions from task force: should be feasible, provided careful design and sufficient R&D resources Conclusions from detector concept groups: do not see show stoppers, detailed engineering design studies are needed to give confidence, in meantime would like to see two IR option kept as an alternative WWS comments : H. Yamamoto (next talk) http://www-project.slac.stanford.edu/ilc/acceldev/beamdelivery/rdr/docs/push-pull/

14. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 14 IR 14 mrad 14 mrad ILC FF9 hybrid (x 2) 14 mrad (L* = 5.5 m) dump lines e-e+ hybrid “BSY” (x 2) 2226 m ΔZ ~ -650 m w.r.t. ILC2006c Upgrade to 1 TeV CM involves adding magnets only … no geometry changes Total BDS Z-length is 4452 m (2 IRs:5100m) Removed dedicated energy error dianostics (MPS) and replaced with polarimeter chicane (some issues) Single IR BDS (version 2006e) M. Woodley et al

15. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 15 BDS with single IR 14mr IR FF E-collimator  -collim. Diagnostics Tune-up dump BSY Sacrificial collimators Extraction

16. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 16 polarimeter skew correction / emittance diagnostic MPS coll betatron collimation fast sweepers tuneup dump septa fast kickers energy collimation beta match energy spectrometer final transformer final doublet IP energy spectrometer polarimeter fast sweepers primary dump

17. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 17 QFSM1 moves ~0.5 m polarimeter chicane septa fast kickers “Type B” (×4) 500GeV => 1TeV CM upgrade in BSY of 2006e M. Woodley et al Magnets and kickers are added in energy upgrade

18. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 18 Single IR BDS optics (2006e) FF E-collimator  -collim. Diagnostics BSY Polarimeter E-spectrometer

19. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 19 warm Detector IP common stationary cryostat QD0 QF1 vacuum connection & feedback kicker Concept of single IR Final Doublet Redesigned FD Original FD and redesigned for push-pull (BNL)

20. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 20 cancellation of the external field with a shield coil has been successfully demonstrated at BNL BNL prototype of self shielded quad IR magnets BNL prototype of sextupole- octupole magnet

21. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 21 Rearranged extraction quads are shown. Optics performance is very similar. Both the incoming FD and extraction quads are optimized for 500GeV CM. In 1TeV upgrade would replace (as was always planned) the entire FD with in- and outgoing magnets. In this upgrade, the location of break-point may slightly move out. (The considered hall width is sufficient to accommodate this). http://ilcagenda.cern.ch/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1187 Nominal scheme Push-pull scheme New optics for extraction FD : push pull compatible B.Parker, Y.Nosochkov et al.

22. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 22 Extraction Lines : shortened by 100m high L parameters (500 GeV CM) For undisrupted beam reliance on beam sweeping on beam dump window using kickers. Total loss before and at collimators for High L parameters is within acceptable levels. Losses for the nominal case are negligible.

23. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 23 detector B may be accessible during run accessible during run Platform for electronic and services (~10*8*8m). Shielded (~0.5m of concrete) from five sides. Moves with detector. Also provide vibration isolation. Concept of single IR with two detectors The concept is evolving and details being worked out detector A

24. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 24 Detector systems connections fixed connections long flexible connections detector detector service platform or mounted on detector high V AC high P room T He supply & return chilled water for electronics low V DC for electronics 4K LHe for solenoids 2K LHe for FD high I DC for solenoids high I DC for FD gas for TPC fiber data I/O electronics I/O low V PS high I PS electronic racks 4K cryo-system 2K cryo-system gas system sub-detectors solenoid antisolenoid FD move together

25. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 25 QD0 partQF1 part door central part Optimized for fast switch of detectors in push-pull and fast opening on beamline This scheme require lengthening L* to 4.5m and increase of the inner FD drift Opening of detectors on the beamline (for quick fixes) may need to be limited to a smaller opening than what could be done in off-beamline position Push-pull cryo configuration

26. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 26 250mSv/h Shielding the IR hall Self-shielding of GLD Shielding the “4 th “ with walls

27. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 27 Working progress on IR design… John Amann 3m Thickness 9m Base25m Height Structural Rib Overlapping Rib Illustration of ongoing work… Designs are tentative & evolving Mobile Shield Wall Mobile Platform 20m x 30m Electronics/Cryo Shack 1m Shielded

28. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 28 CFS layout for single IR & central DR

29. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 29 CFS layout for single IR

30. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 30 Single IR – push pull schedule The hardware can be designed to be compatible with a ~one day move, and this can be a design goal –Need to study cost and reliability versus the move duration –Need to study regulations in each regions A.Yamamoto presented a scheme (which includes warming- up the cold-box and disconnecting room T lines) and give an estimation of one week (many other tasks can be done in parallel with cryo work), which can serve as conservative boundary of the range Recalibration (at Z) may or may not be needed, and may be independent on push-pull – to be studied BDS group will study the range between one day and one week and optimize the design versus cost, performance, reliability, etc.

31. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 31 Single IR, push-pull : cost Cost difference of two IR versus single IR push-pull as reported to CCB on Dec.15 (based on Valencia wbs): –baseline 14/14: 100% –estimate for single p-p IR: 69.1%, with further updates 67.6% Estimation of saving, in Value cost, is 31-32% of BDS cost Using single push-pull IR saves about one third of two IR BDS cost, or in other words the two IR BDS is by about 50% more expensive than single push-pull IR BDS Estimation of additional hardware that is needed to make push-pull feasible is small fraction of the savings

32. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 32 From summary of CCB response on Single IR push-pull “CCB agrees that.. CCR … qualifies as Class-2. Consequently, CCB assumes that its role … is to make recommendation to EC … rather than to make a decision. CCB recommends EC … to accept CCR#23, whereby incorporating the "1IR with two detectors push-pull" as Baseline Configuration. CCB recommends EC to maintain the previous Baseline with "2IR, single hall, two detectors" as part of Alternative Configuration. CCB recommends EC to reinforce a taskforce on Machine- Detector-Interface issues. The taskforce should be specifically charged … to facilitate pertinent design development efforts and discussions on relevant executive matters.”

33. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 33 Briefly on other systems Magnets and PS Vacuum system Crab cavities Beam dumps & collimators IR hall, surface buildings & cranes

34. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 34 Most of the magnets are rather standard, but require good magnetic and mechanical stability All PS are high availability design, stability in several ppm range (building ~40 PS for ATF2 now) PS are placed in the service tunnel, cable penetrations are every 100m, which reduces heat load in the tunnel helping thermal and mechanical stability All BDS magnets in incoming beamlines except bends are on movers with 50nm step Special magnets except FD and first extraction quads: –SC tail folding octupoles (BNL design) –beam sweepers –Kickers with option of DC bends –Antisolenoids embedded in the detector –Detector integrated dipoles (part of detector solenoid) –Magnetized muon walls Magnets and PS

35. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 35 Vacuum system Material choice –is defined by the resistive wall effects for off- centered bunch: preserving the beam emittance discourage use of SS chambers –Considered Al version and Cu plated SS chambers. Chosen the latter as more reliable, keeping Al for backup option. Chambers in the places where SR is expected (e.g. chicanes) are Cu Vacuum pressure –determined by the need to minimize background due to beam-gas. –Need 1nTorr in ~200m upstream of IP (may need in situ baking), ~10nTorr in 200-800m and ~50nTorr in the rest of the system

36. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 36 Crab cavities Top: earlier prototype of 3.9GHz deflecting (crab) cavity designed and build by Fermilab. This cavity did not have all the needed high and low order mode couplers. Bottom: Cavity modeled in Omega3P, to optimize design of the LOM, HOM and input couplers. FNAL T. Khabibouline et al., SLAC K.Ko et al. Design is being continued by UK-US team 3.9GHz cavity achieved 7.5 MV/m BDS has two SC 9-cell cavities located ~13 m upstream of the IP operated at 5MV/m peak deflection. Based on a Fermilab design for a 3.9GHz TM110 mode 13- cell cavity. The uncorrelated phase jitter between the positron and electron crab cavities must be controlled to 61 fsec to maintain optimized collisions. A proof-of-principle test of a 7 cell 1.5GHz cavity at the JLab ERL facility has achieved a 37 fsec level of control. Other key issues to be addressed are LLRF control and higher-order mode damping.

37. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 37 18MW Water Dump design features BDS features –Optics & drift to increase undisrupted beam spot size on window –Raster beam in 30mm radius circle in 1 ms; interlock to MPS –Hi-power donut collimators to protect vessel window Vessel –6.5m (18X 0 ) water followed by 1m water-cooled Cu (22X 0 ) –1.5m diameter with vortex flow water, v=1.0-1.5 m/s, at r=30cm –10 atm to prevent boiling –30 cm diameter 1mm Ti vessel window with water cooling nozzles Rad water system –2300 gpm three loop water system –18 MW heat exchanger & ~400HP of pumps per loop –Catalytic H 2 -O 2 recombiner –Mixed bed ion exchange column to filter 7Be –Containment for tritiated water Shielding –50cm Fe + 150cm concrete ‘local’ protection for personnel & beamlines –200cm site dependent to protect ground water

38. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 38 18MW Dump design Two companies: Fichtner & Framatome, design and cost estimate for TESLA TDR Fichtner design for TESLA reworked by RAL Taken into account recent RAL experience with industry RAL design included additions for window remote handling, air exchange and control, air drying and recovery, etc.

39. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 39 IR surface area

40. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 40 Included in IR hall and surface buildings: IR halls: –finished civil engineering works, plus –movable concrete intermediate shielding wall in two parts (on air pads) –steel platforms with staircases and all fittings –two 1.6t elevators between steel platforms plus two 2.8t in shafts, –steel plates on the floor of the Hall –one 400t and two 20t overhead cranes in Hall –etc… Included in surface assembly building: –400t and 20t overhead cranes Requirements for detector assembly are different (table on the next slide). Since we cannot tell now which detectors will be used, assumed Configuration A This choice can suite some detectors better than other (one size does not fit all) and is the reason for concerns Further adjustments of IR hall and surface building are needed, and detector colleagues should be more deeply involved in this design and also cost optimization

41. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 41 Table of IR assumptions continued …

42. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 42 Summary Several configuration changes since Vancouver to Valencia and final RDR version. Single IR with two complementary detectors in push-pull configuration has been recommended by CCB to EC as a baseline for the RDR. The EC approved it last Thursday This configuration gives 30% saving compared to two IR 14/14 mrad configuration. Single IR BDS optics design allows upgrade to 1 TeV in the same tunnel. The on surface detector assembly will save 2-2.5 years and has been accepted by the MDI panel. The engineering details will be carried out in the EDR phase.

43. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 43 Backup slides

44. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 44 1 TeV cm 500 GeV cm

45. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 45 … continued …

46. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 46 Power & cooling in BDS Table as of Valencia, 1TeV CM, two IR. 9.768 + 0.862 + 2*18 MW => Power from Magnets, PS & Dumps to LCW 0.726 MW => Cables to Air=> approximately 60W/m in average 0.712 MW => PS to Air => taken out by Chilled water Table is as of 11/26/2006

47. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 47 Cost breakdown for single IR (Labor person-hours, such as installation, was converted to dollars to produce this chart)

48. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 48 Beam Dump Vessel

49. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 49 Beam Dump Service Cavern Layout

50. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 50 If detector does not provide any radiation protection: For 36MW maximum credible incident, the concrete wall at 10m from beamline should be ~3.1m Wall 18MW loss on Cu target 9r.l \at s=-8m. No Pacman, no detector. Concrete wall at 10m. Dose rate in mrem/hr. 25 rem/hr 10m Alberto Fasso et al

51. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 51 IR hall radiation safety criteria BDS produces and uses “ILC radiation guidance document” –beam containment policies and devices, conditions for occupancy –For IR region, in particular, defines Normal operation: dose less than 0.05 mrem/hr (integrated less than 0.1 rem in a year with 2000 hr/year) –allows non-rad workers in IR hall Accidents: dose less than 25rem/hr and integrated less than 0.1 rem for 36MW of maximum credible incident (MCI)

52. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 52 Detector sizes & opening on beamline GLD SiD (opened) 2m Since opening of detectors on the beamline is intended only for quick fixes, the required width for opening may be smaller that for opening off- beamline

53. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 53 FD with L*=4.5m & lengthened warm drift section by +0.7m Detector opened on beamline (GLD opening reduced to 1.5m) still leaves 0.5m of not- overlapped space for config.C

54. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 54 Instrumentation Laser wire Deflecting cavity Y-T Loss monitors ion chamber & PMT Cav BPM C-band, S-band, L-band Stripline or button bpm X sync light tr. profile imager OTR, OTRI Current monitors Pickup phase monitors Feedbacks Polarimeter laser upstream & downstream E-spectrometer

55. January 11, 07 Global Design Effort BDS: 55 IR coupling compensation When detector solenoid overlaps QD0, coupling between y & x’ and y & E causes large (30 – 190 times) increase of IP size (green=detector solenoid OFF, red=ON) Even though traditional use of skew quads could reduce the effect, the local compensation of the fringe field (with a little skew tuning) is the most efficient way to ensure correction over wide range of beam energies without compensation  y /  y (0)=32 with compensation by antisolenoid  y /  y (0)<1.01 QD0 antisolenoid SD0