1. WIPO GI-Symposium, Beijing, June 2007 - Mathias Schaeli1 GI-Extension: The Solution for Developing an Appropriate International Legal Framework for the Protection of Geographical Indications Mathias Schaeli Head Legal Services International Trade Relations Swiss Federal Institute of Intellectual Property www.ipi.ch / mathias.schaeli@ipi.ch International Symposium on Geographical Indications Jointly organized by WIPO and SAIC (Beijing, 26-28 June 2007)

2. WIPO GI-Symposium, Beijing, June 2007 - Mathias Schaeli2 Contents 1.Key issue under international negotiation: n“GI-extension” 2.Additional action at the national level nAdequate protection and inventories nRelationship between GIs and trademarks

3. WIPO GI-Symposium, Beijing, June 2007 - Mathias Schaeli3 Swiss watches made in Russia L’Etivaz style cheese Made in USA Australian Chianti Jamaican Jerk from Trinidad Long Jin tea, From Malaysia

4. WIPO GI-Symposium, Beijing, June 2007 - Mathias Schaeli4 GI-Extension Multilatéral Register Roll-back List (Agri) Better protection for GIs WTO / Negotiations on GIs

5. WIPO GI-Symposium, Beijing, June 2007 - Mathias Schaeli5 The two levels of protection for GIs in the TRIPS Agreement n Standard protection of Article 22 for all products, protection only if: n Public is misled by the incorrect use of the GI n Incorrect use of the GI constitutes an act of unfair competition n Additional protection of Art. 23 for wines and spirits : n Protection against a simple usurpation of the GI n Protection of the GI even if translated n Use of delocalizing expressions such as ‘kind’, ‘type’, ‘style’, ‘imitation’ or the like are prohibited

6. WIPO GI-Symposium, Beijing, June 2007 - Mathias Schaeli6 The proposal for extension (IP/C/W/353) n The protection of Article 23 of the TRIPS Agreement should apply to geographical indications for all products n The multilateral register to be established should be open for geographical indications for all products n The exceptions contained in Article 24 of the TRIPS Agreement should apply mutatis mutandis

7. WIPO GI-Symposium, Beijing, June 2007 - Mathias Schaeli7 Communications WTO/TRIPS on extension n In favor of extension: IP/C/W/204/Rev.1; IP/C/W/247/Rev.1; IP/C/W/308/Rev.1; IP/C/W/353; TN/C/W/7; TN/C/W/14 ; TN/C/4 ; TN/C/W/21 – GC/W/540; JOB(05)/61; TN/C/W/26 - WT/GC/547 (UE) n Opposed to extension: IP/C/W/289; IP/C/W/360 and 386; IP/C/W/395; JOB(05)/8 (Australia).... available under: www.ipi.ch and www.wto.orgwww.ipi.chwww.wto.org

8. WIPO GI-Symposium, Beijing, June 2007 - Mathias Schaeli8 Timeframe of the negotiations Before Nov. 2001 TRIPS Council - Article 24.1 November 2001 Doha Declaration – Para.18 Feb. – Nov. 2002 TRIPS Council – TNC Decision Jan. – Aug. 03 TNC – Consultations on implementation issues September 2003 Cancun Ministerial Conference July 2004 Decision of the General Council Mandate for further consultations till May ’05; GC to take appropriate action till July ‘05 December 2005 Hong Kong Ministerial Conference June/July 2007Text on modalities ? ? End of the Doha Round

9. WIPO GI-Symposium, Beijing, June 2007 - Mathias Schaeli9 Main Swiss Laws and Regulations n Federal Law on the Protection of Trademarks and Indication of Source of 28 August 1992 (RS 232.11) => PROTECTION FOR ALL PRODUCTS WITHOUT REGISTRATION n Federal Law on Agriculture of 29 April 1998 (RS 910.1) n Ordinance on the Protection of PAOs and PGIs in respect of Agricultural Products and Processed Agricultural Products of 28 May 1997 (RS 910.12) => REGISTRATION SYSTEM

10. WIPO GI-Symposium, Beijing, June 2007 - Mathias Schaeli10 n Definition n Protection against: n the use of incorrect indications of source; n the use of designation that may be confused with incorrect indications of source; n the use of a name, address or trademark on goods or services of different origin where this could be deceptive. n Judicial measures, such as: n imprisonment up to one year; n fine of up to CHF 100’000.--, or n nullity of the trademark registration.

11. WIPO GI-Symposium, Beijing, June 2007 - Mathias Schaeli11 Ordinance on PAOs and PGIs for Agricultural Products and Processed Agricultural Products n PAOs/PGIs - similarities n origin in a defined region or place n specific qualities n delimited area of production n PAOs/PGIs - differences n PAO: all fabrication steps within the defined area PGI: at least one fabrication steps within the defined area n etc.

12. WIPO GI-Symposium, Beijing, June 2007 - Mathias Schaeli12

13. WIPO GI-Symposium, Beijing, June 2007 - Mathias Schaeli13 Function of TMs and GIs n Trademarks distinguish the goods of one undertaking from goods of other undertakings. - It shall be distinctive and not descriptive. - It is the exclusive right of the producer. n Geographical indications (GIs) refer to a geographical region and identify products with quality/reputation given by their geographical origin. - Collective right of all the producers of a given good that are located in the geographical area. L’ETIVAZ

14. WIPO GI-Symposium, Beijing, June 2007 - Mathias Schaeli14 Function of Trademarks  The TM shall distinguish the goods of one producer from goods of other producers  The TM shall not be descriptive Difficulty to protect geographical names as trademarks Geographical names often registered in combination with a distinctive sign (logo) Problem with the exclusivity right to use the name

15. WIPO GI-Symposium, Beijing, June 2007 - Mathias Schaeli15 Trademarks and GIs: two complementary rights with specific characteristics… GIs n Indicate the geographical origin of the goods n Guaranty the geographical origin n Collective approach n Producers ownership n Production necessary linked to a territory n Often procedure of examination with «public» consultations Trademarks n Distinctive signs (non descriptive) May guaranty the geographical origin (no obligation) n Individual approach (principle) n CTM cannot be used by right holder n May be produced everywhere n Examination based on absolute or relative grounds

16. WIPO GI-Symposium, Beijing, June 2007 - Mathias Schaeli16 Trademarks and GIs – time solutions: example of L’Etivaz (AOC) a Swiss Guaranty Trademark

17. WIPO GI-Symposium, Beijing, June 2007 - Mathias Schaeli17 Trademarks and GIs – Complementary: Example of Tête de moine (AOC) SwissTrademarks

18. WIPO GI-Symposium, Beijing, June 2007 - Mathias Schaeli18 Trademarks and GIs – Complementary: Champagne (AOC) French GISeveral Trademarks used by the different producers CHAMPAGNE

19. WIPO GI-Symposium, Beijing, June 2007 - Mathias Schaeli19 TM-Offices can play useful role for good relationship between TM and GIs CH 501 173 cl. 29 :produits laitiers, à savoir fromage bénéficiant de l’AOC «Sbrinz». IR 714593, cl. 32 : boissons à base d’eau gazeuse et de jus de pommes; tous les produits précités provenant de la région du Bodensee. ALASKA Eaux minérales CUSCO Cacao Cl. 18 et 25, produits de provenance des USA

20. WIPO GI-Symposium, Beijing, June 2007 - Mathias Schaeli20 An adequate protection of geographical indications at the international level: An issue that is in the interest of ALL OF US! For more information or questions: mathias.schaeli@ipi.ch and www.ige.ch@ipi.chwww.ige.ch