1. Use of a Small Unpiloted Aerial Vehicle for Remote Sensing in the Arctic – Potential and Limitations Jim Maslanik, James.maslanik@colorado.edu Rationale for UAVs The “Aerosonde” UAV Barrow Operations Results

2. surface characterization / time-space variations ice-atmosphere interactions ocean temperatures – local/regional variations, forcings polar clouds and radiation satellite product validation coastal processes (erosion, productivity, currents) wildlife studies vegetation / lake studies search and rescue … Potential Research/Application Areas

3. Aircraft Support Issues for Polar Research research-grade aircraft easily deployable with less long-range planning needed ability to stay on site for long periods low cost minimum hassle basic instrument suite long range/duration multiple aircraft …

4. Why UAVs? Considerations: safety access operating conditions logistics and cost

5. access local impacts Why UAVs?

6. The Aerosonde tm Unpiloted Aerial Vehicle Design philosophy: fully robotic low cost per plane (approx. $50,000) low/moderate operations/logistics costs long range/flight duration small but effective payload capacity flexible communications/operations modes

7. Relatively low cost Ease of deployment Global sat-comm operation Range and multi-plane capabilities Advantages/Disadvantages of the Aerosonde payload restrictions no “see and avoid”

8. Manufactured and operated by Aerosonde, Ltd., Melbourne (www.aerosonde.com) Instrument Payloads: air temp., RH, wind speed and direction digital camera (800 image capacity) infrared pyrometer (skin temps., cloud top temps.) video (visual and thermal: long-range transmission) icing sensor imaging radar, profiling laser, pyranometers, cloud particle sampler ozone sampler, profiling spectrometer, turbulent flux measurements

9. Multi-Plane / Long-Duration Mission Configurations aircraft at multiple altitudes two planes flying in tandem tag-team missions

10. Profiles Lead Mission: 29 March 2003 Survey Legs Mission Planning and Control

11. Barrow-Based Operating Area

12. Engineering accomplishments for operations in cold regions Oil heating Icing sensor for avoidance Insulate electronics Replace carburetor with fuel injection system Strengthened airframe to withstand icing

14. Limitations: airframe icing availability and maintenance of launch/landing areas payload/power restrictions availability and scheduling cost local impacts FAA restrictions

15. Research Examples (Barrow Missions)

18. james.maslanik@colorado.edu www.aerosonde.com curryja@eas.gatech.edu g.holland@aerosonde.com

19. Ice- Atmosphere Processes

20. air temperature skin temperature wind direction Lead Processes and Surface Temperature Studies

21. Mesoscale variability caused by open water upwind downwind

22. Sea Surface Temperature Studies

23. 4am ADT, Tuesday, July 29 Winds: West-southwest at 38 mph, Gust of 49 mph, Temperature: 47°F L Improving Weather Forecasts

25. Shoreline/Vegetation Mapping Surface Characterization

26. Potential Contribution to Other Programs SEARCH RIME EOS / NPOESS PARCA Int. Polar Year …

27. Links and Contacts www.aerosonde.com http://polarbear.colorado.edu/barrow03/ James.maslanik@colorado.edu Curryja@eas.gatech.edu g.holland@aerosonde.com

28. Questions?

29. #1. FAA flight restrictions FAA limits flight operations to outside 12 miles from shore FAA requires visual-flight-rule (VFR) conditions for take-off (Aerosondes are capable of operating under IFR conditions) increased FAA flexibility, clearly-defined FAA technology requirements for UAVs, new flight monitoring technology (e.g., “Capstone” program) #2. Airframe icing detect and avoid icing conditions through onboard instrumentation and mission planning anti-icing engineering #3. Cross-winds presently limited to east-west launch tracks launch procedure mods. additional launch area Major (Barrow Area) Limiting Factors / Solution Options