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Naming Chemical Compounds Binary Compounds of Metals with Fixed Charges (Ionic Compounds) Covalent Compounds of Nonmetals: The Greek System Binary Compounds.

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Presentation on theme: "Naming Chemical Compounds Binary Compounds of Metals with Fixed Charges (Ionic Compounds) Covalent Compounds of Nonmetals: The Greek System Binary Compounds."— Presentation transcript:

1 Naming Chemical Compounds Binary Compounds of Metals with Fixed Charges (Ionic Compounds) Covalent Compounds of Nonmetals: The Greek System Binary Compounds of Cations with Variable Charges: Stock System

2 Naming Chemical Compounds Binary Compounds of Cations with Variable Charges: Common Name System Polyatomics Acids Hydrates

3 Binary Compounds of Metals with Fixed Charges Name the cation first then the anion Use the cation’s fixed charge directly from the periodic table (eg. Ca +2 is Calcium) Name the anion using the root of the element’s name plus the suffix “ide” (eg. S -2 would be Sulfide) Examples: CaS would be Calcium Sulfide Na 2 O would be Sodium Oxide Potassium Chloride would be KCl

4 Covalent Compounds of Nonmetals: The Greek System Name the first element: if there are two or more, add a prefix to match the subscript Name the second element also using a prefix to match the subscript (including “mono-” for one) Prefixes: one=“mono-”, two=“di-”, three=“tri-”, four=“tetra-”, five=“penta”, six=“hexa-”, seven=“hepta-”, eight=“octa-”, nine=“nona-”, ten=“deca-”

5 The Greek System Example 1: N 2 O Subscript for 2 is “di-” so it is dinitrogen Subscript for O is 1 so the name is dinitrogen monoxide Example 2: N 2 O 5 Subscript for nitrogen is 2 so it is dinitrogen Subscript is 5 for oxygen or pentaoxide The name is dinitrogen pentaoxide (pentoxide is also acceptable)

6 Binary Compounds of Cations with Variable Charges: The Stock System Named for German chemist Alfred Stock Cations involved have at least two charges Anion has one charge Uses parentheses and roman numerals Example: FeCl 2 is iron(II) chloride

7 The Stock System Name the cation’s element first Determine the charge by multiplying the anion’s charge by it’s subscript; then divide this by the cation’s subscript Example 1: Name CuCl 2 Chloride anion’s charge is -1 times it’s subscript 2 equals 2 (Ignore sign of -2) Divide by Copper’s subscript of 1 equals 2 The result is Copper(II) chloride

8 The Stock System Example 2: Name Fe 2 O 3 Oxide anion’s charge is -2 times it’s subscript 3 equals -6 Divide by Iron’s subscript of 2 equals 3 The result is iron(III) oxide Example 3: Give the formula for manganese(IV) oxide The cation’s charge is given from the formula +4 Oxide’s charge is -2; Since the charge of the final formula must be zero, two oxides or 2 times -2 equals -4 gives zero net charge The result is MnO 2

9 Binary Compounds of Cations with Variable Charges: The Common Name System Proposed by Lavoisier “Father of Modern Chemistry” Uses the Latin root of the cation plus –ous or –ic suffix to indicate oxidation state (-ous is lowest, -ic is highest)

10 The Common Name System Find the root name of the first element Iron=“ferr-“, chromium="chrom-“, lead="plumb-”, tin="stann-“, copper="cupr-“, cobalt="cobalt-“, gold="aur-“, manganese="mangan-“, mercury="mercur-“ Multiply the charge of the anion by its subscript (Ignore the sign) Divide by the cation’s subscript The lower of 2 values gives –ous; the higher -ic

11 The Common Name System Example 1: Fe 2 O 3 Multiply oxide’s -2 times the subscript 3 equals 6 (ignore the sign) Divide 6 by iron’s subscript by 2 equals 3 The result is ferric oxide (iron exists as +2 or +3) Example 2: Cu 2 S Multiply sulfide’s -2 times the subscript 1 equals 2 (ignore the sign) Divide by copper’s subscript 2 equals 1 The result is cuprous sulfide

12 The Common Name System Example 3: Ferrous Oxide Ferrous means +2 Oxide is -2 Use charge balance or criss-cross method to solve Fe +2 O -2 yields FeO Example 4: Stannic Phosphide Stannic means Sn +4 Phosphide is P -3 Sn +4 P -3 yields Sn 3 P 4

13 Polyatomics Naming can be either fixed or variable charges When more than one polyatomic ion is required, parenthesis must be used Example 1: Fe(NO 3 ) 2 Decide if the cation has a variable charge (iron does so you must determine the roman numeral) NO 3 has a -1 charge so iron must be +2 The name is iron(II) nitrate or ferrous nitrate

14 Polyatomics Example 2: Fe(OH) 3 Determine the charge of iron: Hydroxide is -1 so iron must be +3 The compound is iron(III) hydroxide or ferric hydroxide Example 3: Aluminum Phosphate Aluminum is a fixed-charge of +3 Phosphate ion is PO 4 -3 The formula is AlPO 4

15 Binary Acids Binary acids are hydrogen with a non-metal (binary acids include: HCl, HF, HBr, HI) “hydro-” STEM “-ic” is used (STEM comes from the anion) The word acid is added at the end Examples: HCl is hydrochloric acid (STEM is chlor) HF is hydrofluoric acid HBr is hydrobromic acid

16 Oxy (Ternary) Acids Contains hydrogen and a polyatomic ion Change the “ate” ending to “ic” and the “ite” ending to “ous” and add the word acid Polyatomic ion that ends in “ate” STEM –ic acid Example HClO 3 = chloric acid Polyatomic ion that ends in “ite” STEM –ous acid Example HClO 2 = chlorous acid

17 Oxy (Ternary) Acids Polyatomic ion with prefix “hypo” Hypo- STEM –ous acid Example HClO hypochlorous acid Polyatomic ion with prefix “per” Per- STEM –ic acid Example HClO 4 perchloric acid

18 Hydrates Compounds that have water in them General Formula AB. xH 2 O Name the compound (AB) and add the number of water molecules present (x equals the coefficient) Examples: CuSO 4. 5 H 2 O is copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate MgSO 4. 9 H 2 O is magnesium sulfate nonahydrate

19 Reference See these web sites for practice!!! http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/webdocs/Nomencl ature/Nomenclature.htmlhttp://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/webdocs/Nomencl ature/Nomenclature.html http://www.woodrow.org/teachers/chemistry/lin ks/chem1/NamingComp.htmlhttp://www.woodrow.org/teachers/chemistry/lin ks/chem1/NamingComp.html


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