1. Activity 5.1.2 Burn Unit Treatment Options
First-degree (superficial) burns
First-degree burns affect only the epidermis, or outer layer of skin. The burn site is red, painful, dry, and with no blisters. Mild sunburn is an example. Long-term tissue damage is rare and usually consists of an increase or decrease in the skin color.

2. First-degree burns usually heal on their own within a week
First-degree burns usually heal on their own within a week. Treatment may depend on the severity of the burn and may include the following:
cold compresses
lotion or ointments
acetaminophen or ibuprofen for pain

3. Second-degree (partial thickness) burns
Second-degree burns involve the epidermis and part of the dermis layer of skin. The burn site appears red, blistered, and may be swollen and painful.

4. Treatment for second-degree burns
antibiotic ointments
dressing changes one or two times a day depending on the severity of the burn
daily cleaning of the wound to remove dead skin or ointment
possibly systemic antibiotics

5. Third-degree (full thickness) burns
Third-degree burns destroy the epidermis and dermis. Third-degree burns may also damage the underlying bones, muscles, and tendons. The burn site appears white or charred. There is no sensation in the area since the nerve endings are destroyed.

6. Treatment for third-degree burns may include the following:
Treatment for third-degree burns will depend on the severity of the burn. Burn severity is determined by the amount of body surface area that has been affected.
Treatment for third-degree burns may include the following:
early cleaning and debriding (removing dead skin and tissue from the burned area).
intravenous (IV) fluids containing electrolytes
antibiotics by intravenous (IV) or by mouth
antibiotic ointments or creams
a warm, humid environment for the burn
nutritional supplements and a high-protein diet
pain medications
skin grafting (may be required to achieve closure of the wounded area)
functional and cosmetic reconstruction

7. Sources
Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital at Stanford [Internet] California (US): [accessed 2009 June19]. Available from:
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